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Cryptomnesia
Cryptomnesia occurs when a forgotten memory returns without it being recognized as such by the subject, who believes it is something new and original. It is a memory bias whereby a person may falsely recall generating a thought, an idea, a song, or a joke,〔Taylor, F..K. (1965).Cryptomnesia and plagiarism. British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 1111–1118.〕 not deliberately engaging in plagiarism but rather experiencing a memory as if it were a new inspiration.
==Early use==
The first documented instance of cryptomnesia occurred in 1874 with the medium Stainton Moses.〔Brian Righi. (2008). ''Chapter 4: Talking Boards and Ghostly Goo''. In ''Ghosts, Apparitions and Poltergeists''. Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 978-0738713632 "An early example of this occurred in 1874 with he medium William Stanton Moses, who communicated with the spirits of two brothers who had recently died in India. Upon investigation, it was discovered that one week prior to the séance, their obituary had appeared in the newspaper. This was of some importance because Moses's communications with the two spirits contained nothing that wasn't already printed in the newspaper. When the spirits were pressed for further information, they were unable to provide any. Researchers concluded that Moses had seen the obituary, forgotten it, and then resurfaced the memory during the séance."〕〔Robert Todd Carroll. (2014). ("Cryptomnesia" ). ''The Skeptic's Dictionary''. Retrieved 2014-07-12.〕
The word was first used by the psychiatrist Théodore Flournoy,〔Théodore Flournoy, ''From India to the Planet Mars: A Case of Multiple Personality with Imaginary Languages'' (1901/1994) quoted at www.answers.com/topic/cryptomnesia-psychoanalysis〕 in reference to the case of medium Hélène Smith (Catherine-Élise Müller) to suggest the high incidence in psychism of "latent memories on the part of the medium that come out, sometimes greatly disfigured by a subliminal work of imagination or reasoning, as so often happens in our ordinary dreams."
Carl Gustav Jung treated the subject in his thesis "On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena" (1902)〔Jung, Carl Gustav. (1902). On the psychology and pathology of so-called occult phenomena. Coll. works, Vol. 1, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.〕 and in an article, "Cryptomnesia" (1905),〔Jung, Carl Gustav. (1905). Cryptomnesia. Coll. works, Vol. 1, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; United States Bollingen Foundation.〕 suggested the phenomenon in Friedrich Nietzsche's ''Thus Spoke Zarathustra''. The idea was studied or mentioned by Géza Dukes, Sándor Ferenczi and Wilhelm Stekel as well as by Sigmund Freud in speaking of the originality of his inventions.〔Freud, Sigmund. (1920). ''A note on the prehistory of the technique of analysis'' SE 18: 263-265. (1923) and ''Josef Popper-Lynkeus and the theory of dreams'' SE 19: 259-263.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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