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Cross-stringing : ウィキペディア英語版
Cross-stringing
Cross-stringing (sometimes called overstringing) is a method of arranging piano strings inside the case of a piano so that the strings are placed in a vertically overlapping slanted arrangement, with two heights of bridges on the soundboard instead of just one. This permits larger, but not necessarily longer, strings to fit within the case of the piano.〔(A short history of the development of the piano ), Dartmouth College〕 The invention of cross-stringing in the 1820s is variously credited to Alphaeus Babcock〔(Piano History ), www.concertpitchpiano.com〕〔(A Short History of the Piano ) by Alphonse Gunther〕 and Jean-Henri Pape.〔(Piano History ), www.ukpianos.co.uk〕 The first patented use in grand pianos in the United States was by Henry Steinway Jr. in 1859.〔Alistair Riddell (Towards a virtual piano action ), ''NMA Magazine'' (1988)〕〔(A Brief History of the Piano ), www.shafferpianos.com〕 In the late 19th century, cross-stringing gradually took the place of straight-stringing, in which all the strings are perpendicular to the keyboard and do not overlap.
The advantages of cross-stringing is that the case of the piano can be smaller, the bass strings can be longer and the placement of the bass strings is in the center of the piano case, where they receive more resonance than when placed at the side.〔(A Guide to Piano Buying ), www.pianoworld.com〕〔(Cross-Strung or Straight-Strung piano? ), www.thepianoworkshop.co.za〕〔(Advice ), www.pianomanpianos.co.uk〕
Cross-stringing is criticized by some as producing a "murky" sound. According to the pianist Gwendolyn Mok, "If you look inside your own piano, you will notice that the strings are all crossing each other. With the straight strung piano you get distinct registral differences--almost like listening to a choir where you have the bass, tenor, alto, and soprano voices. It is very clear and there is no blending or homogenizing of the sound."〔(Gwendolyn Mok in Conversation with Thad Carhart ), www.gwendolynmok.com〕
Some Challen pianos made on the 1920s are "double overstrung", where the strings are at 3 different heights and cross over in 2 different locations.
==References==



抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Cross-stringing」の詳細全文を読む



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