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In linguistics, coreference (sometimes written ''co-reference'') occurs when two or more expressions in a text refer to the same person or thing; they have the same referent, e.g. ''Bill said he would come''; the proper noun ''Bill'' and the pronoun ''he'' refer to the same person, namely to Bill.〔For definitions of coreference, see for instance Crystal (1997:94) and Radford (2004:332).〕 Coreference is the main concept underlying binding phenomena in the field of syntax. The theory of binding explores the syntactic relationship that exists between coreferential expressions in sentences and texts. When two expressions are coreferential, the one is usually a full form (the antecedent) and the other is an abbreviated form (a proform or anaphor). Linguists use indices to show coreference, as with the i index in the example ''Billi said hei would come''. The two expressions with the same reference are ''coindexed'', hence in this example ''Bill'' and ''he'' are coindexed, indicating that they should be interpreted as coreferential. ==Types of coreference== When exploring coreference, there are numerous distinctions that can be made, e.g. anaphora, cataphora, split antecedents, coreferring noun phrases, etc.〔These distinctions (anaphora, cataphora, split antecedents, coreferring noun phrases, etc.) are discussed in Jurafsky and Martin (2000:669ff.).〕 When dealing with proforms (pronouns, pro-verbs, pro-adjectives, etc.), one distinguishes between anaphora and cataphora. When the proform follows the expression to which it refers, anaphora is present (the proform is an anaphor), and when it precedes the expression to which it refers, cataphora is present (the proform is a cataphor). These notions are illustrated as follows: ::Anaphora ::a. The musici was so loud that iti couldn't be enjoyed. - The anaphor ''it'' follows the expression to which it refers (its antecedent). ::b. Our neighborsi dislike the music. If theyi are angry, the cops will show up soon. - The anaphor ''they'' follows the expression to which it refers (its antecedent). ::Cataphora ::a. If theyi are angry about the music, the neighborsi will call the cops. - The cataphor ''they'' precedes the expression to which it refers (its postcedent). ::b. Despite heri difficulty, Wilmai came to understand the point. - The cataphor ''her'' precedes the expression to which it refers (its postcedent) ::Split antecedents ::a. Caroli told Bobi to attend the party. Theyi arrived together. - The anaphor ''they'' has a split antecedent, referring to both ''Carol'' and ''Bob''. ::b. When Caroli helps Bobi and Bobi helps Caroli, theyi can accomplish any task. - The anaphor ''they'' has a split antecedent, referring to both ''Carol'' and ''Bob''. ::Coreferring noun phrases ::a. The project leaderi is refusing to help. The jerki thinks only of himself. - Coreferring noun phrases, whereby the second noun phrase is a predication over the first. ::b. Some of our colleagues1 are going to be supportive. These kinds of people1 will earn our gratitude. - Coreferring noun phrases, whereby the second noun phrase is a predication over the first. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Coreference」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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