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The contraforte (spelled ''Kontraforte'' in German) is a proprietary instrument with a similar range to the contrabassoon produced by Benedikt Eppelsheim and Guntram Wolf. It is intended to have improved dynamics and intonation over the distinctive but sometimes reticent sound of the conventional contrabassoon. The contraforte uses a different and wider bore than the contrabassoon to produce a distinct tone. Wolf and Eppelsheim developed an accurate bore taper and precise keyworks in order to simplify fingerings in spite of the instrument's large size. In October 2010 Lewis Lipnick, contrabassoonist for the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington DC, played it in a performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. According to Lipnick, the other members of the orchestra, who used to make jokes about the sound of his old contrabassoon, praised the sound of the contraforte. 〔Midgette, Anne. () "NSO's Lewis Lipnick trades in his contrabassoon for contraforte's sweeter sound", ''Washington Post'', Washington, DC, 2010 Oct 14. Retrieved on 2010-10-17.〕 As the soloist of the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra in February 2012 Lipnick also performed with the contraforte Kalevi Aho's extensive Contrabassoon Concerto, and as a solo instrument it proved to be superior to the traditional contrabassoon, because of its very wide dynamic range and clear, focused intonation. == Technical specifications == The contraforte has many technical aspects that have not been associated with instruments like the bassoon and contrabassoon. The contraforte has a written range from A1 - G5 (in scientific pitch notation), which sounds as A0 - G4. Large toneholes allow for a free response and a very large dynamical range. The pivot screws lie in synthetic sleeves for silent key actions, and push rods make for easy key action with low friction. The half-hole mechanism provides a clean, silent octave for F# and G3. There are also well-built automatic octave keys from notes A3 to F4. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Contraforte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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