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Chironomidae
The Chironomidae (informally known as chironomids or nonbiting midges) are a family of nematoceran flies with a global distribution. They are closely related to the Ceratopogonidae, Simuliidae, and Thaumaleidae. Many species superficially resemble mosquitoes, but they lack the wing scales and elongated mouthparts of the Culicidae.
==Common names and biodiversity==
This is a large taxon of insects; some estimates of the species numbers suggest well over 10000 world-wide.〔 Males are easily recognized by their plumose antennae. Adults are known by a variety of vague and inconsistent common names, largely by confusion with other insects. For example, chironomids are known as "lake flies" in parts of Canada and Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin, but "bay flies" in the areas near the bay of Green Bay, Wisconsin. They are called "sand flies", "muckleheads",〔"(Muckleheads )" from Andre's Weather World (Andre Bernier, staff at WJW-TV), June 2, 2007.〕 "muffleheads",〔"(You don't love muffleheads, but Lake Erie does )", ''Sandusky Register'', May 24, 2010.〕 "Canadian soldiers",〔Galbincea, Barb, ("Canadian Soldiers Invade Rocky River", ) ''The Plain Dealer'', Cleveland.com, June 18, 2014, accessed June 3, 2015.〕 or "American soldiers"〔("Call Them Mayflies, Not June Bugs, Biologist Says: University of Windsor Professor Dispels Mayfly Myths" ), CBC News, CBC.ca, May 29, 2012, accessed June 3, 2015.〕 in various regions of the Great Lakes area. They have been called "blind mosquitoes" or "chizzywinks" in Florida.〔(Chizzywinks are Blind Mosquitos ) by Dan Culbert of the University of Florida, August 17, 2005〕 However, they are not mosquitoes of any sort, and the term "sandflies" generally refers to various species of biting flies unrelated to the Chironomidae.
The group includes ''Belgica antarctica'', the largest terrestrial animal of Antarctica.
The biodiversity of the Chironomidae often goes unnoticed because they are notoriously difficult to identify and ecologists usually record them by species groups. Each morphologically distinct group comprises a number of morphologically identical (sibling) species that can only be identified by rearing adult males or by cytogenetic analysis of the polytene chromosomes. Polytene chromosomes were originally observed in the larval salivary glands of ''Chironomus'' midges by Balbiani in 1881. They form through repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division, resulting in characteristic light and dark banding patterns which can be used to identify inversions and deletions which allow species identification.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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