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|Section2= }} Caryophyllene , or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils, especially clove oil, the oil from the stems and flowers of ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (cloves), the essential oil of hemp ''Cannabis sativa'',〔 rosemary ''Rosmarinus oficinalis'',〔 and hops.〔Glenn Tinseth, "Hop Aroma and Flavor", January/February 1993, Brewing Techniques. Caryophyllene is one of the chemical compounds that contributes to the spiciness of black pepper. Beta-caryophyllene was shown to be selective agonist of cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2) and to exert significant cannabimimetic antiinflammatory effects in mice. Antinociceptive, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant and anti-alcoholism activity have been uncovered. Because the widespread plant natural product beta-caryophyllene is an FDA approved food additive and ingested daily with food it is the first dietary cannabinoid. Whether this compound is able to modulate inflammatory processes in humans via the endocannabinoid system is yet unknown. Beta-caryophyllene does not bind to the centrally expressed cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) and therefore does not exert psychotomimetic effects. The first total synthesis of caryophyllene in 1964 by E.J. Corey was considered one of the classic demonstrations of the possibilities of synthetic organic chemistry at the time. Caryophyllene oxide, in which the olefin of caryophyllene has become an epoxide, is the component responsible for cannabis identification by drug-sniffing dogs and is also an approved food flavoring.〔http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1023631.html〕 ==Natural sources== The approximate quantity of caryophyllene in the essential oil of each source is given in square brackets (''()''): *Cannabis, hemp, marijuana (''Cannabis sativa'')〔 (of cannabis flower essential oil ) *Black Caraway (''Carum nigrum'') () *Cloves (''Syzygium aromaticum'')〔 (of clove bud essential oil )〔(Clove Essential Oil )〕 *Hops (''Humulus lupulus'') () *Basil (''Ocimum'' spp.) (''O. gratissimum''; 4.0–19.8% ''O. micranthum'' ) *Oregano (''Origanum vulgare'') ()〔(The essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare growing wild in vilnius district (Lithuania) ) Phytochemistry. 2001 May;57(1):65-9.〕 *Black pepper (''Piper nigrum'') () *West African Pepper (''Piper guineense'') ((black); 51.75% (white) )〔 *Lavender (''Lavandula angustifolia'') (of lavender oil )〔A. Prashar, I. C. Locke, C. S. Evans (2004). Cytotoxicity of lavender oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Proliferation 37 (3), 221–229.〕 *Rosemary (''Rosmarinus officinalis'') () *True cinnamon (''Cinnamomum zeylanicum'') () *Malabathrum (''Cinnamomum tamala'') () *Cananga odorata ()〔(Ylang Ylang Essential Oil )〕 *Copaiba oil (Copaifera spp.) 〔http://staff.najah.edu/sites/default/files/Within_plant_distribution_and_emission_of_sesquiterpenes_from_Copaifera_officinalis.pdf〕〔http://www.rain-tree.com/copaiba.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caryophyllene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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