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|Section2= |Section6= |Section7= |Section8= }} Carmustine (bis-chloroethylnitrosourea, BCNU, BiCNU) is a mustard gas-related β-chloro-nitrosourea compound used as an alkylating agent in chemotherapy. As a dialkylating agent, BCNU is able to form interstrand crosslinks in DNA, which prevents DNA replication and DNA transcription. It has the appearance of an orange-yellow solid. Carmustine for injection was earlier marketed under the name BiCNU by Bristol-Myers Squibb〔 http://www.bms.com/news/features/2012/Pages/CompanyStatementonBiCNU.aspx 〕 and now by Emcure Pharmaceuticals.〔 (Emcure Press release ) 〕 In India it is sold under various brand names including Consium . ==Uses== It is used in the treatment of several types of brain cancer (including glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma and astrocytoma), multiple myeloma and lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin). BCNU is sometimes used in conjunction with alkyl guanine transferase (AGT) inhibitors, such as ''O''6-benzylguanine. The AGT-inhibitors increase the efficacy of BCNU by inhibiting the direct reversal pathway of DNA repair, which will prevent formation of the interstrand crosslink between the N1 of guanine and the N3 of cytosine. It is also used as part of a chemotherapeutic protocol in preparation for hematological stem cell transplantation, a type of bone marrow transplant, in order to reduce the white blood cell count in the recipient (patient). Use under this protocol, usually with Fludarabine and Melphalan, was coined by oncologists at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carmustine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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