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Bruhathkayosaurus
''Bruhathkayosaurus'' (; meaning "huge bodied lizard") is a dinosaur that some researchers claim to have been the largest dinosaur that ever lived. The accuracy of this claim, however, has been mired in controversy and debate. All the estimates are based on Yadagiri and Ayyasami's 1989 paper, which announced the find.〔
The authors originally classified the dinosaur as a theropod, a member of a large group of bipedal, mostly carnivorous dinosaurs that includes ''Tyrannosaurus'', but several unpublished opinions beginning in 1995 suggested that the remains actually belonged to a sauropod (probably a titanosaur), a member of a very different group of quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs with long necks and tails. In 2006, the first published reference to ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' as a sauropod appeared in a survey of Malagasy vertebrates by David Krause and colleagues.〔Krause, D.W., O'Connor, P.M., Curry Rogers, K., Sampson, S.D., Buckley, G.A., and Rogers, R.R. (2006). "Late Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrates from Madagascar: Implications for Latin American biogeography." ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'', 93(2): 178-208.〕
Until the remains are properly described, the validity of the genus and any size estimates will be questionable. It is possible that the only known remains of ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' have been lost to monsoon flooding. Thus the only remaining evidence is likely the very simple and indistinct line-drawings of the bones.
==Discovery==
''Bruhathkayosaurus'' was found near the southern tip of India, specifically in the Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu, to the northeast of Kallamedu village. It was recovered from the rocks of the Kallemedu Formation, which are dated to the Maastrichtian faunal stage of the late Cretaceous period. It lived toward the end of Mesozoic Era, about 70 million years ago. The fossilized remains include hip bones (the ilium and ischium), part of a leg bone (femur), a shin bone (tibia), a forearm (radius) and a tail bone (part of a vertebra, specifically a platycoelous caudal centrum). The remains were originally classified as belonging to a carnosaur.〔Yadagiri, P. and Ayyasami, K. (1989). "A carnosaurian dinosaur from the Kallamedu Formation (Maestrichtian horizon), Tamilnadu." In M.V.A. Sastry, V.V. Sastry, C.G.K. Ramanujam, H.M. Kapoor, B.R. Jagannatha Rao, P.P. Satsangi, and U.B. Mathur (eds.), ''Symposium on Three Decades of Development in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy in India. Volume 1. Precambrian to Mesozoic. Geological Society of India Special Publication'', 11(1): 523-528.〕 The name chosen, ''Bruhathkayosaurus'', is derived from ''bruhath'' (South Indian transliteration of Sanskrit ''bṛhat'' , 'huge, heavy') and ''kāya'' (काय 'body'), plus the Greek ''sauros'' (lizard).〔Schneiderman, P. (1994). "(Report on the initial description )". ''Dinosaur Mailing List''〕
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