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British rock describes a wide variety of forms of music made in the United Kingdom. Since around 1964, with the "British Invasion" of the United States spearheaded by the Beatles, British rock music has had a considerable impact on the development of American music and rock music across the world.〔V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Èrlewine, ''All music guide to rock: the definitive guide to rock, pop, and soul'' (Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), pp. 1316-7.〕 Initial attempts to emulate American rock and roll took place in Britain in the mid-1950s, but the terms "rock music" and "rock" usually refer to the music derived from the blues-rock and other genres that emerged during the 1960s. The term is often used in combination with other terms to describe a variety of hybrids or subgenres, and is often contrasted with pop music, with which it shares many structures and instrumentation. Rock music has tended to be more orientated toward the albums market, putting an emphasis on innovation, virtuosity, performance and song writing by the performers.〔S. Frith, "Pop Music" in S. Frith, W. Stray and J. Street, eds, ''The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock'' (Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 93–108.〕 Although much too diverse to be a genre in itself, British rock has produced many of the most significant groups and performers in rock music internationally, and has initiated or significantly developed many of the most influential subgenres, including beat music, progressive rock, art rock, heavy metal music, punk, post punk, new romanticism, and indie rock. ==Early British rock and roll== (詳細はTeddy Boys.〔D. O'Sullivan, ''The Youth Culture'' London: Taylor & Francis, 1974), pp. 38-9.〕 Trad Jazz became popular, and many of its musicians were influenced by related American styles, including Boogie Woogie and the Blues.〔J. R. Covach and G. MacDonald Boone, ''Understanding Rock: Essays in Musical Analysis'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 60.〕 The skiffle craze, led by Lonnie Donegan, utilised amateurish versions of American folk songs and encouraged many of the subsequent generation of rock and roll, folk, R&B and beat musicians to start performing.〔M. Brocken, ''The British folk revival, 1944-2002'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003), pp. 69-80.〕 At the same time British audiences were beginning to encounter American rock and roll, initially through films including ''Blackboard Jungle'' (1955) and ''Rock Around the Clock'' (1955).〔V. Porter, ''British Cinema of the 1950s: The Decline of Deference'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 192.〕 Both films contained the Bill Haley & His Comets hit "Rock Around the Clock", which first entered the British charts in early 1955 - four months before it reached the US pop charts - topped the British charts later that year and again in 1956, and helped identify rock and roll with teenage delinquency.〔T. Gracyk, ''I Wanna Be Me: Rock Music and the Politics of Identity'' (Temple University Press, 2001), p. 117-8.〕 American rock and roll acts such as Elvis Presley, Little Richard and Buddy Holly thereafter became major forces in the British charts. The initial response of the British music industry was to attempt to produce copies of American records, recorded with session musicians and often fronted by teen idols.〔 British rock and rollers soon began to appear, including Wee Willie Harris and Tommy Steele.〔 The bland or wholly imitative form of much British rock and roll in this period meant that the American product remained dominant. However, in 1958 Britain produced its first "authentic" rock and roll song and star, when Cliff Richard reached number 2 in the charts with "Move It".〔D. Hatch, S. Millward, ''From Blues to Rock: an Analytical History of Pop Music'' (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), p. 78.〕 British impresario Larry Parnes fashioned young singers to the new trend, giving them corny names such as Billy Fury, Marty Wilde and Vince Eager. At the same time, TV shows such as ''Six-Five Special'' and ''Oh Boy!'', both produced by Jack Good, promoted the careers of British rock and rollers like Marty Wilde and Adam Faith.〔 Cliff Richard and his backing band The Shadows were the most successful home grown rock and roll based acts of the era.〔A. J. Millard, ''The electric guitar: a history of an American icon'' (JHU Press, 2004), p. 150.〕 Other leading acts included Joe Brown, and Johnny Kidd & The Pirates, whose 1960 hit song "Shakin' All Over" became a rock and roll standard.〔 The first American rock and roll artist to hit British stages and appear on television was Gene Vincent in December 1959, soon joined on tour by his friend Eddie Cochran. The producer Joe Meek was the first to produce sizeable rock hits in England, culminating with The Tornados' instrumental "Telstar", which went to number one in both the UK and USA. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「British rock」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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