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Brevirostres
Brevirostres is a clade of crocodylians that includes alligatoroids and crocodyloids. Brevirostres are crocodylians with short snouts, and are distinguished from the long, slender-snouted gharials. It is defined phylogenetically as the last common ancestor of ''Alligator mississippiensis'' (the American alligator) and ''Crocodylus niloticus'' (the Nile crocodile) and all of its descendants. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relations of Brevirostres from Brochu (1997):
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Brevirostres was first named by Karl Alfred von Zittel in 1890. Von Zittel considered ''Gavialis'', the gharial, to be closely related to ''Tomistoma'', the false gharial, and excluded them from the group. ''Tomistoma'', as its name implies, is traditionally not considered closely related to ''Gavialis'', but instead classified as a crocodylid. Under this classification, all members of Brevirostres are brevirostrine, or short-snouted. Recent molecular analyses support von Zittel's classification in placing ''Tomistoma'' as a close relative of ''Gavialis''. If this classification is accepted, Brevirostres can be considered a junior synonym of Crocodylia. If Brevirostres is defined as the last common ancestor of all brevirostrines -including ''Tomistoma''- and all of its descendants, the common ancestor's descendants would include ''Gharial'', and thus all crocodylians.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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