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Blattodea is an order of insects that contains the cockroaches and the termites.〔(Integrated Taxonomic Information System entry )〕 Formerly, the termites were considered a separate order, Isoptera, but genetic and molecular evidence suggests an intimate relationship with the cockroaches, both cockroaches and termites having evolved from a common ancestor. The Blattodea and the mantises (order Mantodea) are now all considered part of the superorder Dictyoptera. There are approximately 4,400 species of cockroach in almost 500 genera, and about 3,000 species of termite in around 300 genera.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Order Blattodea: Cockroaches and Termites )〕 ==Taxonomy== A research study sought to find the phylogenetic relationships between cockroaches and termites. 107 species were sampled including examples of all the termite families and subfamilies, all 6 cockroach families, including 22 of the 29 subfamilies, and 5 of the 15 mantis families (to act as out-groups). Five gene loci were selected for comparison which provided around 4900 aligned base pairs. A maximum parsimony analysis was also undertaken. A Bayesian consensus tree was drawn up and the results showed that the termites are nested within the cockroaches and that ''Cryptocercus'', the only genus in the family Cryptocercidae, is a sister group to the termites. The maximum parsimony analysis provided identical results. The mantids were shown to be the sister group to Blattodea. ''Cryptocercus'' has a number of characteristics in common with termites, such as identical species of gut bacteria, and phylogenetic studies have shown that these cockroaches are more closely related to termites than they are to other cockroaches. The evolutionary relationships of Blattodea (cockroaches and termites), based on Eggleton, Beccaloni & Inward (2007), are shown in the cladogram:〔Eggleton, P., Beccaloni, G. & Inward, D. 2007. Invited reply: Response to Lo et al. Biology Letters, 3(5): 564–565 (online 14 August 2007. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0367 )〕 The cockroach families Lamproblattidae and Tryonicidae are not shown but are placed within the superfamily Blattoidea. The cockroach families Corydiidae and Ectobiidae were previously known as the Polyphagidae and Blattellidae.〔Beccaloni, G. W. & Eggleton, P. 2011. Order Blattodea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148: 199–200.〕 |2= }} |2=Mastotermitidae }} |label2=Cryptocercoidae |2=Cryptocercidae (brown-hooded cockroaches) }} |2=Blattidae (Oriental, American and other cockroaches) }} |label2=Blaberoidea |2= }} |label2=Corydiodea |2= }} |2=Mantodea (Mantises) }} }} 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Blattodea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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