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Bioceramic
Bioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic materials that are biocompatible.〔P. Ducheyne, G. W. Hastings (editors) (1984) ''CRC metal and ceramic biomaterials'' vol 1 ISBN 0-8493-6261-X〕 Bioceramics are an important subset of biomaterials.〔J. F. Shackelford (editor)(1999) ''MSF bioceramics applications of ceramic and glass materials in medicine'' ISBN 0-87849-822-2〕〔H. Oonishi, H. Aoki, K. Sawai (editors) (1988) ''Bioceramics'' vol. 1 ISBN 0-912791-82-9〕 Bioceramics range in biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides, which are inert in the body, to the other extreme of resorbable materials, which are eventually replaced by the body after they have assisted repair. Bioceramics are used in many types of medical procedures. A primary medical procedure where they are used is implants.〔 This article is primarily concerned with rigid materials commonly used as surgical implants, though some bioceramics are flexible. The ceramic materials used are not the same as porcelain type ceramic materials. Rather, bioceramics are closely related to either the body's own materials, or are extremely durable metal oxides.
==History==
Prior to 1925 the materials used in implant surgery were primarily relatively pure metals. However, these are not considered to be ceramics and are therefore outside the scope of this article. The success of these materials was surprising considering the relatively primitive surgical techniques. The 1930s marked the beginning of the era of better surgical techniques and also the first use of alloys such as Vitallium.
In 1969 L. L. Hench and others discovered that various kinds of glasses and ceramics could bond to living bone〔T. Yamamuro, L. L. Hench, J. Wilson (editors) (1990) ''CRC Handbook of bioactive ceramics'' vol II ISBN 0-8493-3242-7〕 Hench was inspired with the idea on his way to a conference on materials. He was seated next to a colonel who had just returned from the Vietnam War. The colonel shared that after an injury the bodies of soldiers would often reject the implant. Hench was intrigued and began to investigate materials that would be biocompatible. The final product was a new material which he called Bioglass. This work inspired a new field called bioceramics.〔Kassinger, Ruth. ''Ceramics: From Magic Pots to Man-Made Bones''. Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century Books, 2003, ISBN 978-0761325857〕 With the discovery of bioglass interest in bioceramics grew rapidly.
On April 26, 1988, the first international symposium on bioceramics was held in Kyoto, Japan.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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