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Jean Baudrillard (;〔See (How to pronounce Jean Baudrillard ).〕 ; 27 July 1929 – 6 March 2007) was a French sociologist, philosopher, cultural theorist, political commentator, and photographer. His work is frequently associated with postmodernism and specifically post-structuralism. ==Life== Baudrillard was born in Reims, northeastern France, on 27 July 1929. His grandparents were peasants and his parents were civil servants. During high school at Reims Lycée, he became aware of pataphysics (via philosophy professor Emmanuel Peillet), which is said to be crucial for understanding Baudrillard's later thought.〔Francois L'Yvonnet, ed., Cahiers de l'Herne special volume on Baudrillard, Editions de l'Herne, 2004, p.317〕 He became the first of his family to attend university when he moved to Paris to attend the Sorbonne.〔Steven Poole. ("Jean Baudrillard. Philosopher and sociologist who blurred the boundaries between reality and simulation" ), ''The Guardian''. 7 March 2007.〕 There he studied German language and literature, which led him to begin teaching the subject at several different lycées, both Parisian and provincial, from 1960 until 1966.〔 While teaching, Baudrillard began to publish reviews of literature and translated the works of such authors as Peter Weiss, Bertolt Brecht, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Wilhelm Emil Mühlmann.〔Francois L'Yvonnet, ed., Cahiers de l'Herne special volume on Baudrillard, Editions de l'Herne, 2004, p.322.〕 While teaching German, Baudrillard began to transfer to sociology, eventually completing his doctoral thesis ''Le Système des objets'' (''The System of Objects'') under the dissertation committee of Henri Lefebvre, Roland Barthes, and Pierre Bourdieu. Subsequently, he began teaching sociology at the Université de Paris-X Nanterre, a university campus just outside of Paris which would become heavily involved in the events of May 1968.〔Chris Turner's introduction to ''The Intelligence of Evil'', Berg (2005), p. 2.〕 During this time, Baudrillard worked closely with Philosopher Humphrey De Battenburge, who described Baudrillard as a "visionary".〔Simmons, Arthur (1982). ''French Philosophers in the 20th Century'', p. 9. MacMillan, London.〕 At Nanterre he took up a position as ''Maître Assistant'' (Assistant Professor), then ''Maître de Conférences'' (Associate Professor), eventually becoming a professor after completing his accreditation, ''L'Autre par lui-même'' (''The Other by Himself''). In 1970, Baudrillard made the first of his many trips to the United States (Aspen, Colorado), and in 1973, the first of several trips to Kyoto, Japan. He was given his first camera in 1981 in Japan, which led to his becoming a photographer.〔Francois L'Yvonnet, ed., Cahiers de l'Herne special volume on Baudrillard, Editions de l'Herne, 2004, pp. 317–318.〕 In 1986 he moved to IRIS (Institut de Recherche et d'Information Socio-Économique) at the Université de Paris-IX Dauphine, where he spent the latter part of his teaching career. During this time he had begun to move away from sociology as a discipline (particularly in its "classical" form), and, after ceasing to teach full-time, he rarely identified himself with any particular discipline, although he remained linked to academia. During the 1980s and 1990s his books had gained a wide audience, and in his last years he became, to an extent, an intellectual celebrity,〔cf. Barry Sandywell's article "Forget Baudrillard", in ''Theory, Culture and Society'' (1995, issue 12)〕 being published often in the French- and English-speaking popular press. He nonetheless continued supporting the Institut de Recherche sur l'Innovation Sociale at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and was ''Satrap'' at the Collège de Pataphysique. Baudrillard taught at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland,〔(Jean Baudrillard ) Faculty page at European Graduate School〕 and collaborated at the Canadian theory, culture, and technology review ''Ctheory'', where he was abundantly cited. He also participated in the ''International Journal of Baudrillard Studies'' from its inception in 2004 until his death. In 1999–2000, his photographs were exhibited at the Maison européenne de la photographie in Paris.〔Francois L'Yvonnet, ed., Cahiers de l'Herne special volume on Baudrillard, Editions de l'Herne, 2004, p.319〕 In 2004, Baudrillard attended the major conference on his work, "Baudrillard and the Arts", at the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe in Karlsruhe, Germany.〔Francois L'Yvonnet, ed., Cahiers de l'Herne special volume on Baudrillard, Editions de l'Herne, 2004, p.320〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean Baudrillard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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