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Ballyvaughan or Ballyvaghan〔(Placenames Database of Ireland )〕 () is a small harbour village in County Clare, Ireland. It is located on the N67 road on the south shores of Galway Bay, in the northwest corner of The Burren. This position on the coast road and the close proximity to many of the area's sights has turned the village into a local center of tourism activity. At the time of the 2006 Census Ballyvaughan had a population of 224. ==History== The site was originally occupied by Ballyvaughan Castle, which stood right at the edge of the harbour.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Clare County Library )〕 It was owned and occupied by the O'Loghlen family, except for a period in the 16th century when the O'Brians held it. In 1540, a stolen cow was found at the castle, and heavy fines were levied on the O'Loghlens - loss of cattle, goats, sheep and the town of Ballyvaughan. In 1569 the castle was attacked by Sir Henry Sidney but the O'Loghlens held on to the property. By 1840 the castle was in ruins and only the foundations remain today. On the promontory on which the castle was situated (and on which the Irish Cottage scheme is today located) there were also other late medieval dwellings. According to Westropp's survey of Clare antiquities, the area contained "three small forts and a much levelled ring of a great Caher".〔 The present village grew around the harbour in the 19th century, when it temporarily was a thriving port.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Clare-tour.com )〕 Three older piers had been built by the villagers, who used them for herring fishing.〔 However, these piers were almost unusable at high tide and in 1829 the Fishery Board had a new quay constructed. This was designed by Alexander Nimmo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Town website )〕 By 1831, turf from Connemara was landed here in great quantities, despite the shallowness of the bay.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Samuel Lewis Topography, 1837 )〕 At that point, the town had 23 houses and 151 inhabitants. In 1837, to facilitate the turf trade, another quay was constructed, appararently also based on a design of Nimmo's. By 1841 the village had grown to 235 inhabitants and 35 houses. The new quay was of great importance, as it allowed Ballyvaughan to export grain, bacon and vegetables and to import supplies from Galway. For a while, Ballyvaughan was the official capital of this region of Clare, sporting its own workhouse, coastguard station and a large police barracks. Over time, as the roads improved and the piers fell into disrepair, the town lost its importance as a fishing harbour. More construction took place in the 1850s: in 1854 the old National School opened and the present Catholic church was built around 1860. There was also a Church of Ireland, but when this later closed it was dismantled and re-erected at Noughaval. In 1943 it was rededicated and it is now in use as a Catholic place of worship there.〔 In 1872 a reservoir was constructed by Lord Annaly, southeast of the town, to supply water to the farms in the valley. This water supply was extended to the centre of town under the Public Health Act of 1874 by the Board of Guardians, using cast-iron pipes. In 1875 a fountain was erected by two brothers from Connemara, the Coyne brothers, stuck in town after their ship had sunk at Gleninagh pier.〔 In May 1921, an Irish Republican Army (IRA) unit of approximately 25 men successfully ambushed a party of 10 Royal Marines and their sergeant in the village near the old post office. The IRA unit captured some weapons and withdrew. Privates Chandler and Bolton were mortally wounded and Privates Lavin and Currell wounded. At the time of the 1942/43 ITA survey, the number of inhabitants was 194.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ITA survey 1942/43 )〕 By 1991, this had dropped to 184.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CSO 1991 Census Results )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ballyvaughan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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