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Bajutsu
is a Japanese form of military equestrianism.
==History==
Although its origins are closely related to those of mounted archery (''yabusame''), bajutsu is considered a distinct and separate martial art, and there are a number of traditional schools, such as the Ogasawara, Otsubo, and Hachijo.〔Mass, Jeffrey P.; ''The Origins of Japan's Medieval World: Courtiers, Clerics, Warriors, and Peasants in the Fourteenth Century'' Stanford University Press, 2002. footnote p433〕 The art originated in the 7th century AD during the reign of Emperor Tenji〔''Kodansha encyclopedia of Japan, Volume 3'' Kodansha, 1983 p229〕 but was popularised in the 12th century as large-scale mounted warfare became more common.〔Deal, william E.; ''Handbook to life in medieval and early modern Japan'' Oxford University Press, 2007, p155〕 However, the comparative scarcity of horses in Japan meant that bajutsu was always an elite art, restricted to high-ranking samurai.〔Lowry, d; ''The Karate Way: Discovering the Spirit of Practice'' Shambhala Publications, 2009 p55〕 In spite of this, many contemporary historians ignored the numbers of foot-soldiers in battles and referred to the size of armies by the number of horsemen alone.〔Friday, Karl; ''Samurai, warfare and the state in early medieval Japan'' Psychology Press, 2004 p96-101〕
The comparative peace of the Tokugawa era from 1600 onwards led to a decline in the military practice of bajutsu, and it became relegated to a more ceremonial role,〔Ratti, O and Westbrook, A; ''Secrets of the samurai: a survey of the martial arts of feudal Japan'' Tuttle Publishing, 1991 p292〕 indeed, the practice of horsemanship was actively discouraged during the reign of Tokugawa Tsunayoshi.〔Murdoch, J; ''A history of Japan: volume 3'', Routledge, 2004, p192〕 By the beginning of the 20th century there were more than 20 schools of bajutsu〔Frédéric, Louis; ''Japan encyclopedia'' Harvard University Press, 2005 p354〕 and the Japan Bajutsu Federation was formed in Tokyo in 1946 to promote it as a modern sport.〔Japan Tsūrisuto Byūrō, ''Japan: the new official guide'' Japan Travel Bureau, 1957 p221〕
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