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Autotaxin
Autotaxin also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 (E-NPP 2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ENPP2'' gene.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5168 )〕
== Function ==
Autotaxin, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (NPP2 or ENPP2), is a secreted enzyme important for generating the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Autotaxin has lysophospholipase D activity that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into LPA.
Autotaxin was originally identified as a tumor cell-motility-stimulating factor; later it was shown to be LPA (which signals through Lysophospholipid receptors), the lipid product of the reaction catalyzed by autotaxin, which is responsible for its effects on cell-proliferation.
The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and as a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells, has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified, but the full-length nature of only two transcript variants has been determined.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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