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Assateague Island
Assateague Island is a long barrier island located off the eastern coast of Delmarva.〔Kenney, Nathaniel T. "Watermen's Island Home", ''National Geographic'', Index (January–June 1980), vol 157 (June 1980): 812.〕 The northern two-thirds of the island is in Maryland while the southern third is in Virginia. The Maryland section contains the majority of Assateague Island National Seashore and Assateague State Park. The Virginia section contains Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge and a small part of the national seashore.〔Turner, John and Jay Kirkpatrick. Field Guide to the Assateague Ponies. Toledo, Ohio 1988.〕 It is best known for its herds of feral horses, pristine beaches, and the Assateague Lighthouse. The island also contains numerous marshes, bays, and coves, including Toms Cove.〔GMCO Maps & Charts. ''GMCO's Fishing & Recreation Map of Chincoteague-Assateague, Virginia'', 2003.〕 Bridge access for cars is possible from both Maryland and Virginia, though no road runs the full length of the island.
==History==
Like all barrier islands, Assateague has changed in form over the years.〔 The structure of barrier islands is determined by movement of sand in the littoral zone, the land-facing side of the island.〔(Maryland Department of Natural Resources. "Park Quest: Assateague State Park" Accessed online December 3, 2010. )〕 At one time, the island was connected to the lowest point of Fenwick Island. However, in August 1933, a hurricane created an inlet south of Ocean City, Maryland.〔( Williams, Jeff. "USGS Research Contributes to Assateague Island Restoration—Mitigating 70 Years of Coastal Erosion Due to Ocean City Inlet Jetties". ''Sound Waves'' November, 2002. Accessed online December 3, 2010. )〕 This inlet separated the two landforms. Normally, it would have silted back due to the littoral drift that ran from north to south.〔 However, after the storm, between 1933 and 1935 a permanent system of artificial jetties was built to preserve the inlet as a navigation channel.〔(National Parks Conservation Association. ''State of the Parks: Assateague Island National Seashore", p. 19. August 2007. Accessed online December 3, 2010. )〕 As a result, the island has drifted considerably westward, and the two landmasses are now over apart.〔 While this process has benefitted Ocean City, creating wider beaches and better fishing access,〔(Guy, Chris. "Reborn in a hurricane." '"Baltimore Sun'' August 23, 2006. Accessed December 3, 2010 )〕 it caused erosion problems on Assateague.〔
Between 1933 and the early 1960s, federal interest in creating a national seashore on the island alternated with periodic pushes for development. In 1950, a 15-mile section of the Maryland side of Assateague was platted for development, and a paved road, Baltimore Boulevard, was constructed to traverse the new development. A storm in 1962 destroyed or covered most of Baltimore Boulevard, and many of the structures on the island were destroyed. Although some private landowners on the island supported re-development, by this time the state of Maryland generally supported a national seashore and legislation was introduced in the United States Congress. After Congressional efforts did not produce final legislation in 1964, new legislation in 1965 was successful and Assateague Island National Seashore was formed.〔(Mackintosh, Barry. "Assateague Island administrative history" History Division, National Park Service. 1982. Accessed December 3, 2010 )〕
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