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Ariana
Ariana (Aryana), the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek ''Ar(e)ianē''〔Strabo〕 (inhabitants: ''ラテン語:Ariani''; ''Ar(e)ianoi''),〔Pliny, Naturalis Historia, book vi, page 23〕 was a general geographical term used by some Greek and Roman authors of the ancient period for a district of wide extent between Central Asia and the Indus River, comprehending the eastern provinces of the Achaemenid Empire that covered the whole country of modern day Afghanistan, and a few parts of India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.〔The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2008〕
At various times, various parts of the region were governed by the Persians (the Achaemenids from 550 to 330 BC, the Sasanians from 275 to 650 AD and the Indo-Sasanians from 345 to 450 AD), the Macedonians (the Seleucids from 330 to 250 BC, the Greco-Bactrians from 250 to 110 BC and the Indo-Greeks from 155 to 90 BC), Iranian peoples from Persia and Central Asia (the Parthians from 160 BC to 225 AD, the Indo-Scythians from 90 BC to 20 AD, the Indo-Parthians from 20 to 225 AD and the Kushans from 110 BC to 225 AD), the Xionites (the Kidarites from 360 to 465 AD and the Hephthalites from 450 to 565 AD) and Indian empires (the Mauryans from 275 to 185 BC).
== Etymology==
The Greek term ''Arianē'' (Latin: ''Ariana'') is based upon an Iranian word found in Avestan ''Airiiana-'' (especially in Airiianəm Vaēǰō, the name of the Iranian peoples' mother country).〔 The modern name ''Iran'' represents a different form of the ancient name ''Ariana'' which derived from Airiianəm Vaēǰō and implies that Iran is “the” Ariana itself – a word of Old Iranian origin.- a view supported by the traditions of the country preserved in the Muslim writers of the ninth and tenth centuries. The Greeks also referred to Haroyum/Haraiva (Herat) as 'Aria', which is one of the many provinces found in Ariana.〔http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/aria/index.htm〕〔http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/aryans/location.htm〕〔http://www.heritageinstitute.com/zoroastrianism/aryans/airyanavaeja.htm〕
The names ''Ariana'' and ''Aria'', and many other ancient titles of which ''Aria'' is a component element, are connected with the Sanskrit term ''Arya-'', the Avestan term ''Airya-'', and the Old Persian term ''Ariya-'', a self designation of the peoples of Ancient India and Ancient Iran, meaning "noble", "excellent" and "honourable".〔
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