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Aosta
Aosta (; French: ''Aoste'' - (:ɔst)〔Aostan French pronunciation - Jean-Marie Pierret, ''Phonétique historique du français et notions de phonétique générale'', Peeters, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1994, p.|104.〕〔Pronounced in Aostan French, in standard French.〕 ; ) is the principal city of Aosta Valley, a bilingual region in the Italian Alps, north-northwest of Turin. It is situated near the Italian entrance of the Mont Blanc Tunnel, at the confluence of the Buthier and the Dora Baltea ((フランス語:Doire baltée)), and at the junction of the Great and Little St. Bernard routes. Aosta is not the capital of the province, because Aosta Valley is the only Italian region not divided into provinces. Provincial administrative functions are instead shared by the region and the communes.
==History==
Aosta was settled in proto-historic times and later became a centre of the Salassi, many of whom were killed or sold into slavery by the Romans in 25 BC.〔( John Lemprière, Lorenzo DaPonte, & John David Ogilby (1839), ''Bibliotheca Classica: Or, A Dictionary of All the Principal Names and Terms'' ), (Tenth American Edition), New York: W.E. Dean. ''Salassi'', p. 281〕 The campaign was led by Terentius Varro, who then founded the Roman colony of ''Augusta Praetoria Salassorum'', housing 3,000 retired veterans. After 11 BC Aosta became the capital of the Alpes Graies ("Grey Alps") province of the Empire. Its position at the confluence of two rivers, at the end of the Great and the Little St Bernard Pass, gave it considerable military importance, and its layout was that of a Roman military camp.
After the fall of the Western Empire, the city was conquered, in turn, by the Burgundians, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines. The Lombards, who had annexed it to their Italian kingdom, were expelled by the Frankish Empire under Pepin the Short. Under his son, Charlemagne, Aosta acquired importance as a post on the Via Francigena, leading from Aachen to Italy. After 888 AD it was part of the renewed Kingdom of Italy under Arduin of Ivrea and Berengar of Friuli.
In the 10th century Aosta became part of the Kingdom of Burgundy. After the fall of the latter in 1032, it became part of the lands of Count Humbert I of the House of Savoy.
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