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Anniviers is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It was formed through the merger of six municipalities in Val d'Anniviers: Ayer, Chandolin, Grimentz, Saint-Jean, Saint-Luc and Vissoie. The merger became effective 1 January 2009,〔(Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz ) published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 19 July 2011〕 creating the third largest municipality of Switzerland by surface area. == History == Human settlement dates from the Bronze Age and Iron Age. The region was later occupied by Gaulish tribes, who were conquered by the Roman Empire during the first century. Under Rome the valley was incorporated into the province of Helvetia and became known as ''Annivesium''. The present inhabitants of Anniviers are claimed to be descendants of Huns or a related people, who migrated to Europe from Central Asia, during or after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. An extinct and unrecorded language formerly spoken in the area is reported to have had similarities to Hungarian.〔Anton Karl Fischer: ''Die Hunnen Im Schweizerischen Eifischthale Und Ihre Nachkommen Bis Auf Die Heutige Zeit''. 1896. Kessinger Pub Co 2010. ISBN 978-1-161-10234-5〕 The inhabitants of Val d'Anniviers generally became Christian much later than their neighbours; the Swiss travel writer Marc-Théodore Bourrit, in '' Description des Alpes Pennines et Rhetiennes '' (1781) writes of how the Bishopric of Sion struggled to convert the people of the valley, who long adhered to a pagan religion. A century later, the Hungarian cleric and historian Mihály Horváth says of the inhabitants: "They say they are the descendants of the old Huns. The majority of them have light-blue eyes or grayish green eyes, blonde or brown hair, with large and bony forehead and a slight yoke-bone. They have a common nose, broad chin, prominent shoulders and neck, and they are in general low-statured."〔Mihály Horváth, ''Századok'' (journal)〕 Other cultural features including folk art, cuisine and burial rituals are also said to support this link.〔Kiszely István: ''A svájci "hun völgy"'' http://mek.niif.hu/01500/01522/html/index.htm〕 There are two main theories regarding the inhabitants' connection to the Huns: * the inhabitants are descended from followers of Attila who settled in the valley after being defeated in the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (451 CE) and/or; * they are descended from Magyars (Hungarians) who invaded western Europe during the 10th century. The valley was known as Annivesium until 1052. The Bishop of Sion owned the valley between 1116 and 1138 and donated it to the chapter. In the year 1193, the area became a demesne of the Anniviers family, then by Raron (1381). The property was returned to the bishopric in 1798. Ayer was first mentioned in 1296, and Chandolin about 1250 as ''Eschandulyns''. Grimentz was first mentioned in 1052 as ''Grimiens''; the village was formerly known by its German name ''Grimensi''. Saint-Jean was first mentioned in 1250 as ''de Sancto Johanne''. Saint-Luc was first mentioned in 1267 as ''Lus'' and in 1304 as ''Luc''; the name Saint-Luc first appeared around 1850, and was nout the official name until 1904. While the valley's first cart path was cleared in about 1300, a wagon road was not built until 1854 for the transport of nickel and cobalt ores. The paved road dates from 1955; it was constructed to allow transportation of materials needed to build the Dam Moiry. The number of parishes increased from two in 1805 to five in 1932. By 1905 there were six municipalities: Ayer, Chandolin, Saint-Luc, Saint-Jean, Grimentz and Vissoie. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anniviers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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