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The Hundred of Amounderness is a hundred of Lancashire in North West England, but the name is older than the system of hundreds first recorded in the 13th-century and might best be described as the name of a Norse wapentake. In the Domesday Book, it was used for some territories north of the River Ribble included together with parts of Yorkshire. The area eventually became part of Lancashire, sitting geographically between the Rivers Lune and Ribble, in the strip of coast between the Irish Sea and Bowland Forest. ==Etymology and history== In the 19th-century, the name was said to have been first recorded in 705, as Hacmunderness. The Domesday Book in 1086 spells it Agemundrenessa. There are two suggested etymologies for Amounderness. The traditional 19th century reading was that the name derived from ''ac'' (oak) and ''mund'' (protection), "a ness or promontory sheltered by oaks". This was given currency by Porter.〔Porter, J, ''A History of the Fylde of Lancashire'' (Porter & Sons: Fleetwood and Blackpool 1876; repr. 1968)〕 The current view is that the area is named after ''Agmundr'', a Norse warlord, vassal of Eowils, Halfdan and Ingwaer, co-kings of Jorvik, all four of whom died at the Battle of Tettenhall in August 910;〔Smallshire, JL, ''Wednesfield: The Field of Woden'' (Workers' Education Association: Wolverhampton 1978)〕 Partington's early 20th century description of "Amounder ... the first Viking who settled in the Fylde country" now being considered more fanciful than historically accurate. It was usual for the name of hundreds to refer to a "moot-stow" or meeting place and the element "-ness" (ON, promontory) suggests the Over-Wyre as one distinct possibility. Certainly, there is some evidence to suggest the line of the Wyre/Calder rivers may have marked a north-south sub-division of the hundred in the early C10th. In ''The Place-names of Lancashire'', Ekwall supports an early 10th-century coinage citing ''A()hemundesnes'' and the late 11th century ''Agmundrenesse''. The etymology of Agmundr is Old West Scandinavian ''agi-'' ("awe, terror") or possibly the German '' *ag-'' ("point, weapon point"), with ''-mundr'', from Old West Scandinavian '' *-munduR'' ("protection"). The name appears in Old Swedish as ''Aghmund'' and in Old West Norse as ''Ogmundr''. While the formal title of the warrior was almost certainly ''Agmundrholdr'', his familiar or lall-name would have been ''Mundi''. Victorian commentators, such as Porter, often cited a 7th-century grant made at Ripon by Ecgfrith of Northumbria and Æthelwine as proof that Amounderness existed before the 10th century.〔 In fact, the grant itself has not survived, its only source being an early 8th-century hagiography of the Northumbrian bishop Wilfrid – ''Vita Sancti Wilfrithi'' – by Stephen of Ripon (also known was Eddius Stephanus).〔Colgrave, Bertram, ed. and trans. (1927). ''The Life of Bishop Wilfrid'' by Eddius Stephanus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press〕 There is no reference to Amounderness in this text, merely to lands "iuxta Rippel" (next to the Ribble). The historical misattribution may be due to the 16th-century antiquarian John Leland who cites Hasmundesham (possibly Amounderness) in his ''Collectanea'', originally published in 1632, but does so without proper supporting evidence. Amounderness was granted to Wulfstan I, Archbishop of York in June 934 by Æthelstan, King of England. Once thought a spoil of battle, the area had in fact been purchased by Aethelstan in 926. According to the grant, the extent of Amounderness was much greater than its present-day counterpart being the land "from the sea along the Cocker to the source of that river, from that source straight to another spring which is called in Saxon, Dunshop, thus down the riverlet to the Hodder, in the same direction to the Ribble and thus along that river through the middle of the channel to the sea". It is unclear from this description whether ''Dunshop'' refers to the westerly tributary of the river (i.e. the Brennand) or the easterly (i.e.. the Whitendale) but this distinction would have significant territorial implications. Less precisely, Ekwall describes the eastern boundary of Amounderness as "being formed by the fells on the Yorkshire border". This places the boundary within the modern-day Forest of Bowland where Dunsop Bridge sits close to the eastern mouth of the Trough of Bowland that straddles the traditional Lancashire-Yorkshire border. After the Norman conquest of England, this eastern portion of Amounderness became part of the Lordship of Bowland. However, Thorn argues that "it was only along the river Hodder on the western and south-western edges of the Forest of Bowland that the division between Amounderness and Craven corresponded in any way to the later boundary between Lancashire and Yorkshire". Indeed, he even suggests that Amounderness may have been a "subdivision of Craven" which he describes as "stretching from the Irish Sea over the Pennines to touch the Yorkshire wapentakes of Burghshire and 'Skyrack'" ... the area around the headwaters of the rivers Aire and Wharfe and upper Ribblesdale". In the 10th century, Amounderness would have been strategically important in terms of the Dublin-York axis. Its strategic importance is mirrored on the east coast by Holderness in the East Riding of Yorkshire. By the 12th century, Amounderness and Bowland had become two distinct and separate Lordships, each centred on its own seigneurial, later royal forest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amounderness」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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