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Amdo
Amdo (; ) is one of the three traditional regions of Tibet, the other two being Ü-Tsang and Kham; it is also the birthplace of the 14th Dalai Lama. Amdo encompasses a large area from the Machu River (Yellow River) to the Drichu river (Yangtze River).〔Note: The identically-named, sparsely-populated Amdo County in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is not part of the historical Amdo province. It was directly administered by the Dalai Lama from Lhasa and is today a part of the Changthang region administered by Nagqu in the northern part of the TAR.〕 While historically, culturally, and ethnically a Tibetan area, Amdo has been administered by a series of local rulers since the mid-18th century and the Dalai Lamas have not governed the area directly since that time. From 1917 to 1928, much of Amdo was occupied intermittently by the Hui Muslim warlords of the Ma Clique. In 1928, the Ma Clique joined the Kuomintang, and during the period from 1928 to 1949, much of Amdo was gradually assimilated into the Qinghai province (and part of Gansu province) of the Kuomintang Republic of China. By 1952, Chinese Communist forces had defeated both the Kuomintang Chinese and the local Tibetans and had assumed control of the region, solidifying their hold on the area by 1958 and formally spelling the end of the political existence of Amdo as a distinct Tibetan province.
Amdo was and is the home of many important Tibetan Buddhist monks (or ''lamas''), scholars who had a major influence on both politics and religious development of Tibet like the 14th Dalai Lama, the 10th Panchen Lama, and the great reformer Je Tsongkhapa.
==Geography ==
Amdo consists of all of former northeastern Tibet, including the upper reaches of the Yellow River (Hwang-Ho: Chinese, Machu: Tibetan), and the great lake of Koko Nor. Its southern border is the Bayan Kara mountain range. The area is wind-swept and tree-less, with lots of grass. Animals of the region consist of the yak, and the wild ass, (equus kiang). Domesticated animals of the region consist of the yak, yak/cow hybrids, goats, sheep, and Mongolian ponies.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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