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Ajacán in the province of Axacan, variants include Xacan, Jacan, Iacan, Axaca, Axacam; was located in the Mid-Atlantic near and including the Chesapeake Bay and present day Virginia, United States. In his 1842 ''Historia de la Compania de Fesus en Nueva Espana'', Alegre said Father Juan Bautista de Segura and his companions called the province Axacan.〔W. Lowery, 1905〕〔''La Florida: Spanish Exploration and Settlement in North America, 1500 To 1600'' by Aleck Loker〕 Some early 20th-century historians promoted the idea that the early Spanish explorers who made voyages into the Chesapeake Bay between 1565 and 1570 sailed up the Potomac River as far as Occoquan, Virginia, based on the similarity between "Axacan" of the Spanish missionary chronicles and the name of the Indian town and creek on the Potomac. The chronicles describe the failed Axacan mission in 1570, which included abandonment by their guide, and massacre of the party.〔(Paul Wilstach, ''Potomac Landings'', New York: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1921, p. 13 )〕 ==Spanish explorers== Francisco Fernández de Écija, chief pilot of Spaniards searching the Chesapeake Bay for English activities in 1609, asserted that Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón's failed colony of 1526-27, San Miguel de Gualdape, had been located on the James River somewhere near Jamestown.〔Magri, F.J. (1912), "Diocese of Richmond", in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved July 20, 2008 from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13050a.htm (July 20, 2008)〕 While some historians accepted Écija's claim, more recent scholars believe Ayllón instead went southwest, and that the "River Guandalpe" was in Georgia.〔Swanton, 1922, ''Early History of the Creek Indians and their Neighbors'' pp. 32-48〕 Esteban Gómez named what may have been the Chesapeake Bay, "Immaculate Conception Bay", on his 1525 expedition. No record of the Spanish reaching a place called ''Axacan'' was made until 1559-60, the year Sacchini 〔(''Hist.Sec.Fesa. Pars tertia, Romae'', 1650, p. 323)〕 says Dominican missionaries took the Indian they named Don Luis from there. Don Luis was recorded in Viceroyalty of New Spain-''Mexico'' in 1565.〔according to Aviles' letter to the King, dated October 15, 1565 (Ruidiaz, ''La Florida,'' tomo ii., p. 94) "and it seems probable that from him the existence of the Bay of Santa Maria of Axacan (Xacan, Jacan, Iacan, Axaca, Axacam) was learned. (Lowery, 1905, Appendix DD p. 459)...Lowery states, "There can be of little doubt as to its identity with Chesapeake Bay. Velasco in his "Deografio de las Indiaa" 1571-1574 (p. 172) says| Babo de Santiago: () al norte del cabo de Arenas (Cabo de Arenas was in 37 * 30' ), cera del. Bahia de San Cristobal; mas al norte. Bahia ce Santa Maria: mas al norte. Rio de San Anton: en 42 grados y 1/2 como ochenta leguas al norte del cabo de las Arenas." ''The Spanish Settlements Within The Present Limits Of The United States'', Woodbury Lowery, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1905〕 In 1561, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés also held the belief of a passage by way of the tributaries flowing east from the Allegheny Mountains' gaps and the rivers flowing west on the other side to the Pacific, as told them by the Native Americans at the range of Axacan.〔("The Spanish in the Chesapeake Bay" ), Charles A. Grymes〕 Vincente Gonzales described a bay he visited in 1588 where natives told him of an English settlement to the ''north'' on a river flowing into it, but did not give a name to the bay. However, Juan Menendez Marques in 1606 asserted that this expedition had been to the Bay of Jacan, and Lowery (1905) also thought the Chesapeake was meant.〔("Relacion qye dio el Capitan Vizente Gonzales", 1588, MS. Dirc. de Hidrog., Madrid, Col. Nararrete, tomo xiv., Doc. 54, fol. 8.) Juan Menendez Marques in his "Relacion esxrita en el fuerte de San Agustin . . . al P. Comesario General de Indias Fr. Miguel Avengocar", June 7, 1606 (Ruidiaz, too ii., p. 498) in ''The Spanish Settlements Within The Present Limits Of The United States'' by Woodbury Lowery, G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, The Knickerbocker Press, 1905.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ajacan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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