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Æolian-Skinner Organ Company, Inc. — Æolian-Skinner of Boston, Massachusetts was an important American builder of a large number of notable pipe organs from its inception as the Skinner Organ Company in 1901 until its closure in 1972. Key figures were Ernest M. Skinner (1866–1960), Arthur Hudson Marks (1875–1939), Joseph Silver Whiteford (1921-1978), and G. Donald Harrison (1889–1956). The company was formed from the merger of the Skinner Organ Company and the pipe organ division of the Æolian Company in 1932. ==Skinner period== In 1902, Skinner entered into a partnership to form The Skinner & Cole Company.was formed in 1902 as a partnership of Ernest Skinner and Cole, another former Hutchings-Votey employee, By 1904 the partnership had dissolved, and the "Ernest M. Skinner & Company" purchased the Skinner and Cole assets, in the form of the contract for The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Holy Trinity in New York City 〔Opus 113, 1904 (Holy Trinity Lutheran Church Organ History ) (Accessed 25 Dec 2010)〕 from the former company for $1. Between 1904 and 1910, the firm produced approximately 30 instruments during that 6-year period, including several new instruments of Skinner's design, in the 60 to 80 Stop size range. By 1912 the firm had perfected the "Pitman Windchest," (A "Wind Chest" is the large box, normally built of wood, upon which the sound producing pipes are "planted," and which contains the valves and mechanisms which control the wind supply to the pipes) to a state of simple technical elegance. The Pitman chest allows the air to be held constantly pressurized, directly at the valves located beneath each of the thousands of pipes, which increases responsiveness to the player, and eliminating noise and other problems found with the "Ventil" style chests, which only apply wind only when a stop is drawn. Virtually all major builders of electro-pneumatic action organs, including M. P. Möller, W. W. Kimball (both firms now defunct), Schantz, and Reuter use some form of the Pitman windchest to this day, although most have only recently begun to credit Skinner with the design and subsequent refinements that make it an industry benchmark. In addition to his development and refinement of the Pitman windchest, Skinner also developed and perfected numerous parts of the "Actions" for the instruments, as well as the ''Whiffletree Shade Motor, — '' a mechanical device that moves the expression shades in a smooth, fluid motion without the "slam" that often accompanies mechanical expression shade controls. This allowed the instruments to provide very quick and responsive control of the expression (volume) levels of the different parts of the instrument. In 1914 the Skinner Organ Factory company moved into a new factory building in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston at Crescent Avenue and Sydney Streets.〔("Dorchester Illustration of the Day no. 1757 Skinner Organ" ), ''Dorchester Historical Society'', April 5, 2012〕〔Whitney, Craig R., (''All the Stops: The Glorious Pipe Organ and Its American Masters'' ), PublicAffairs, Perseus Books Group, 2004. Cf. (p.65 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aeolian-Skinner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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