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Acadia () was a colony of New France in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine to the Kennebec River.〔William Williamson. The history of the state of Maine. Vol. 2. 1832. p. 27; p. 266 (La Corne declares such to Lawrence in 1750); p. 293〕 During much of the 17th and early 18th centuries, Norridgewock on the Kennebec River and Castine at the end of the Penobscot River were the southern-most settlements of Acadia.〔Griffiths, E. From Migrant to Acadian. McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005. p.61; John Reid. International Region of the Northeast. In Buckner, Campbell, and Frank (eds). The Acadiensis Reader: Volume One: Atlantic Canada Before Confederation. 1998. p. 40; (Villebon, p. 121 )〕 The actual specification by the French government for the territory refers to lands bordering the Atlantic coast, roughly between the 40th and 46th parallels. Later, the territory was divided into the British colonies which became Canadian provinces and American states. The population of Acadia included members of the Wabanaki Confederacy and descendants of emigrants from France (i.e., Acadians). The two communities inter-married, which resulted in a significant portion of the population of Acadia being Métis. The first capital of Acadia, established in 1605, was Port-Royal. A British force from Virginia attacked and burned down the town in 1613 but it was later rebuilt nearby, where it remained the longest serving capital of French Acadia until the British conquest of Acadia in 1710.〔For the 144 years prior to the founding of Halifax (1749), Port Royal/ Annapolis Royal was the capital of Acadia 112 of those years (78% of the time). The other locations that served as the Capital of Acadia are: LaHave, Nova Scotia (1632–1636 ); present day Castine, Maine (1670–1674); Beaubassin (1678–1684); Jemseg, New Brunswick(1690–1691); present day Fredericton, New Brunswick (1691–1694), and present day Saint John, New Brunswick (1695–1699). (See Brenda Dunn. ''Port Royal/ Annapolis Royal.'' 2004. Nimbus Publishing)〕 Over seventy-four years there were six colonial wars, in which English and later British interests tried to capture Acadia starting with King William's War in 1689. During these wars, along with some French troops from Quebec, some Acadians, the Wabanaki Confederacy, and French priests continuously raided New England settlements along the border in Maine. While Acadia was officially conquered in 1710 during Queen Anne's War, present-day New Brunswick and much of Maine remained contested territory. Present-day Prince Edward Island (Île Saint-Jean) and Cape Breton (Île Royale) as agreed under Article XIII of the Treaty of Utrecht remained under French control.〔Chalmers, George. A collection of treaties between Great Britain and other powers. 1985. http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/utrecht1a.pdf〕 By militarily defeating the Wabanaki Confederacy and the French priests, present-day Maine fell during Father Rale's War. During King George's War, France and New France made significant attempts to regain mainland Nova Scotia. After Father Le Loutre's War, present-day New Brunswick fell to the British. Finally, during the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War), both Île Royale and Île Saint-Jean fell to the British in 1758. Today, Acadia is used to refer to regions of North America that are historically associated with the lands, descendants, and/or culture of the former French region. It particularly refers to regions of The Maritimes with French roots, language, and culture, primarily in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, the Magdalen Islands and Prince Edward Island, as well as in Maine. It can also be used to refer to the Acadian diaspora in southern Louisiana, a region also referred to as Acadiana. In the abstract, Acadia refers to the existence of a French culture in any of these regions. People living in Acadia, and sometimes former residents and their descendants, are called Acadians, also later known as Cajuns after resettlement in Louisiana. ==Etymology== The origin of the designation Acadia is credited to the explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, who on his 16th century map applied the ancient Greek name "Arcadia" to the entire Atlantic coast north of Virginia (note the inclusion of the 'r' of the original Greek name). "Arcadia" derives from the Arcadia district in Greece which since Classical antiquity had the extended meanings of "refuge" or "idyllic place". The ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'' says: "Arcadia, the name Verrazzano gave to Maryland or Virginia 'on account of the beauty of the trees,' made its first cartographical appearance in the 1548 Gastaldo map and is the only name on that map to survive in Canadian usage." In 1603 a colony south of the St. Lawrence between the 40th and 46th parallels was agreed by Henry IV who recognised the territory as "La Cadie". Also in the 17th century Champlain fixed its present orthography with the 'r' omitted. William Francis Ganong, a cartographer, has shown its gradual progress northeastwards, in a succession of maps, to its resting place in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. Another interesting note is the similarity in the pronunciation of ''Acadie'' and the Míkmawísimk suffix ''-akadie'', which means "a place of abundance." The modern usage is still seen in place names such as Shunacadie (meaning: place of abundant cranberries) or Shubenacadie (meaning: place of abundant wild potatoes). It is thought that intercultural conversation between early French traders and Mi'kmaq hunters may have resulted in the name ''l'Arcadie'' being changed to ''l'Acadie''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Acadia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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