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AIFM2
Apoptosis-inducing factor 2 (AIFM2), also known as apoptosis-inducing factor-homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death (AMID), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AIFM2'' gene, also known as p53-responsive gene 3 (PRG3), on chromosome 10.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=84883 )〕
This gene encodes a flavoprotein oxidoreductase that binds single stranded DNA and is thought to contribute to apoptosis in the presence of bacterial and viral DNA. The expression of this gene is also found to be induced by tumor suppressor protein p53 in colon cancer cells.〔
==Structure==
AIFM2 can be found only in other eukaryotes, but it shares significant sequence homology with AIF and NADH oxidoreductases across both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.〔〔 Sequence analysis reveals that the ''AIFM2'' gene promoter contains a consensus transcription initiator sequence instead of a TATA box.〔 Though AIFM2 also lacks a recognizable mitochondrial localization sequence and cannot enter the mitochondria, it is found to adhere to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), where it forms a ring-like structure.〔〔〔〔〔 Two deletion mutations at the C-terminal (aa 1–185 and 1–300) result in nuclear localization and failure to effect cell death, suggesting that AIFM2 must be associated with the mitochondria in order to induce apoptosis. Moreover, domain mapping experiments reveal that only the C-terminal 187 aa is required for apoptotic induction.〔 Meanwhile, mutations in the N-terminal putative FAD- and ADP-binding domains, which are responsible for its oxidoreductase function, do not affect its apoptotic function, thus indicating that these two functions operate independently.〔〔 It assembles stoichiometrically and noncovalently with 6-hydroxy-FAD.〔
The ''AIFM2'' gene contains a putative p53-binding element in intron 5, suggesting that its gene expression can be activated by p53.〔〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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