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The Örtze is a river in the North German state of Lower Saxony, which rises north of Munster in the ''Große Heide'' (in the ''Raubkammer'' federal forest) and, after , joins the Aller southeast of Winsen. == Source and course == The Örtze valley is an old glacial valley. It was formed during the Saale glaciation about 230,000 to 130,000 years ago by the drainage of meltwater from the ice sheet which cut 20 to 50 metres deep into the plateaus of the southern Lüneburg Heath. The upper Örtze has incised its own, much smaller valley into the sandur beds and the roughly 4 kilometre wide, flat glacial valley floor. The source region of the Örtze and its several source bogs lie on the terrain of the Munster North Training Area. In order to remove suspended solids and sediments which are washed away during heavy rains from the tank training areas with their sparse covering of vegetation, four successive lakes – the so-called ''Munoseen'' – have been created on the Örtze, and, on the ''Ilster'', the main headstream of the river, there is a further dam pond. The Örtze is the largest river on the Southern Heath or ''Südheide'' and drains its central area, between the rather longer Böhme to the west and the Ise to the east. It has a relatively steep incline. In the middle of the river in its lower course the stream flow is about 0.71 metres per second and the water depth varies from 0.5 m to 2 m. It is classed as a so-called summer-cold heath stream (''sommerkalter Heidebach''). The Örtze passes the towns and villages of Munster (an important military base in North Germany), Kreutzen, Poitzen, Müden, Hermannsburg (renowned because of the Hermannsburg Mission), Oldendorf, Eversen and Wolthausen. The tributaries of the Örtze are the: Ilster, Kleine Örtze, Wietze, Schmarbeck and Sothrieth (which discharge together as the Landwehrbach into the Örtze), Brunau, Weesener Bach, Brandenbach, Hasselbach, Angelbach and Mühlenbach. The main headstream of the Örtze is the ''Ilster''. It name recalls the largest village, which the Munster-North Training Area has to circumvent. Its largest tributary is the ''Wietze'', which rises between Soltau and Munster and which, together with its tributary the ''Aue'', is longer than the Örtze by a good 5 kilometres. It joins the Örtze near Müden and gave the heath village its name. The ''Kleine Örtze'' rises north of Oerrel and discharges into the Örtze near Kreutzen (parish of Faßberg). Before it was renaturalised its upper course acted as a drainage ditch for the former raised bog, now afforrested, in the narrow valley (nature reserve).〔(Nature reserve "Valley of the Kleine Örtze" with overview map )〕 On the headstreams of the ''Landwehrbach'' lie the Faßberg military airfield (north of ''Schmarbeck'') and numerous old kieselgur pits (either side of the ''Sothrieth''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Örtze」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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