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withers
The withers is the ridge between the shoulder blades of a four-legged mammal. In many species it is the tallest point of the body, and in horses and dogs it is the standard place to measure the animal's height (in contrast, cattle are normally measured to the top of the hips).
==Horses==
The withers in horses are formed by the dorsal spinal processes of roughly the 3rd through 11th thoracic vertebrae (most horses have 18 thoracic vertebrae), which are unusually long in this area. The processes at the withers can be more than long.
Since they do not move relative to the ground (as the horse's head does), the withers are used as the measuring point for the height of a horse. Horses are commonly measured in ''hands'' – one hand is . Horse heights are extremely variable, from small pony breeds to large draft breeds. The height at the withers of an average Thoroughbred is , and ponies are up to .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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