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In healthcare, teamwork is "a dynamic process involving two or more healthcare professionals with complementary background and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient care".〔(【引用サイトリンク】Teamwork )〕 In a business setting, accounting techniques may be used to provide financial measures of the benefits of teamwork which are useful for justifying the concept. Health-care policy-makers increasingly advocate teamwork as a means of assuring quality and safety in the delivery of services; a committee of the Institute of Medicine recommended in 2000 that patient-safety programs "establish interdisciplinary team training programs for providers that incorporate proven methods of team training, such as simulation." In health care, a systematic concept analysis in 2008 concluded teamwork to be "a dynamic process involving two or more healthcare professionals with complementary backgrounds and skills, sharing common health goals and exercising concerted physical and mental effort in assessing, planning, or evaluating patient care." Elsewhere teamwork is defined as "those behaviours that facilitate effective team member interaction", with "team" defined as "a group of two or more individuals who perform some work related task, interact with one another dynamically, have a shared past, have a foreseeable shared future, and share a common fate". Another definition for teamwork proposed in 2008 is "the interdependent components of performance required to effectively coordinate the performance of multiple individuals"; as such, teamwork is "nested within" the broader concept of team performance, which also includes individual-level taskwork. A 2012 review of the academic literature found that the word "teamwork" has been used "as a catchall to refer to a number of behavioral processes and emergent states".〔 〕 ==Processes== Researchers have identified 10 teamwork processes that fall into three categories: *Transition process (between periods of action) * *Mission analysis * *Goal specification * *Strategy formulation *Action process (when the team attempts to accomplish its goals and objectives) * *Monitoring progress toward goals * *Systems monitoring * *Team monitoring and backup behavior * *Coordination *Interpersonal process (present in both action periods and transition periods) * *Conflict management * *Motivation and confidence building * *Affect management Researchers have confirmed that performing teamwork generally works better when members of the team have prior experience working together due to enhanced coordination and communication.〔Cattani, G., Ferriani, S., Mariani, M. e S. Mengoli (2013) “Tackling the ‘Galácticos’ Effect: Team Familiarity and the Performance of Star-Studded Projects”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 22(6): 1629-1662.()〕 This appears partly due to a chemical called serotonin(5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) which helps an individual to communicate better and think more positively. Serotonin is produced when an individual is in a situation where he/she is in comfortable environment. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「teamwork」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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