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streptokinase
Streptokinase (SK) is an enzyme secreted by several species of streptococci that can bind and activate human plasminogen. SK is used as an effective and inexpensive thrombolysis medication in some cases of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and pulmonary embolism.
Streptokinase belongs to a group of medications known as fibrinolytics, and complexes of streptokinase with human plasminogen can hydrolytically activate other unbound plasminogen by activating through bond cleavage to produce plasmin. There are three domains to Streptokinase, denoted α (residues 1–150), β (residues 151–287), and γ (residues 288–414). Each domain binds plasminogen, although none can activate plasminogen independently.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. The wholesale cost is between 30.00 and 138.00 USD per dose as of 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=STRK15I&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=1%2C500%2C000%20IU&desc=Streptokinase&pack=new&frm=VIAL&rte=INJ&class_code2=12%2E5%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2812%2E5%2E%29Antithrombotic%20medicines%3Cbr%3E )〕 It is no longer available in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/cons/streptokinase-intravenous-intracoronary.html )〕
==Medical uses==
If percutaneous_coronary_intervention (PCI) is not available within 90 minutes of first contact, streptokinase is recommended intravenously as soon as possible after the onset of a ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). As Streptokinase is a bacterial product, the body has the ability to build up an immunity to it. Therefore, it is recommended that this medication should not be used again after four days from the first administration, as it may not be as effective and can also cause an allergic reaction. For this reason, it is usually given only for a person's first heart attack. Further thrombotic events could be treated with Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Overdose of streptokinase or tPA can be treated with aminocaproic acid.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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