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sobriquet
A sobriquet ( ) is a nickname, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. Distinct from a pseudonym that is assumed as a disguise, it more resembles a nickname and usually is a familiar name, familiar enough such that it may be used in place of a real name without the need of explanation. This salient characteristic is of sufficient familiarity that the sobriquet may become more familiar than the original name.
Examples are Genghis Khan, who now is rarely recognized by his original name, Temüjin; and Mohandas Gandhi, who is better known as Mahatma Gandhi. Well-known places often have sobriquets, such as New York City, often referred to as the Big Apple. Therefore, ''sobriquet'' may apply to the nickname for a specific person, group of people, or place.
== Etymology ==
Two early variants of the term are found, ''sotbriquet'' and ''soubriquet''; often, the latter form is still used. The modern French spelling is ''sobriquet''. The first form suggests derivation from ''sot'', foolish, and the second form, ''briquet'', is a French adaptation of Italian ''brichetto'', diminutive of ''bricco'', ass, knave, possibly connected with ''briccone'', rogue, which is supposed to be a derivative of the German ''brechen'', to break; but Skeat considers this spelling to be an example of false etymology. The real origin is to be sought in the form ''soubriquet''.
Littré gives an early fourteenth century ''soubsbriquet'' as meaning a chuck under the chin, and this would be derived from ''soubs'', mod. ''sous'' (Lat. ''sub''), under, and ''briquet'' or ''bruchel'', the brisket, or lower part of the throat.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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