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Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ventolin )〕 It is marketed as Ventolin among other brand names. Salbutamol was the first selective β2-receptor agonist to be marketed in 1968. It was first sold by Allen & Hanburys (UK) under the brand name Ventolin, and has been used for the treatment of asthma ever since. It was approved for use in the US by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 1982.〔MedicineNet, Inc. http://www.medicinenet.com/albuterol/article.htm〕 The drug is usually manufactured and distributed as the sulfate salt salbutamol sulfate. Salbutamol is mostly taken by the inhaled route for direct effect on bronchial smooth muscle. This is usually achieved through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), nebulizer, or other proprietary delivery devices. In these forms of delivery, the maximal effect of salbutamol can take place within five to 20 minutes of dosing, though some relief is immediately seen. Mean duration of effect is roughly 2 hours.〔Measured by a 15% increase from baseline in FEV1. 〕 It can also be given intravenously.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/105/SPC )〕 Salbutamol is also available in oral form (tablets, syrup). It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system. Compliance with the Montreal Protocol, which requires the banning of the use of ozone-layer depleting CFCs, has caused the price of inhalers, however, to increase as much as ten-fold as generics were forced off the market from 2009 to 2013 by new patents obtained by pharmaceutical companies for non-CFC delivery systems. ==Medical uses== Salbutamol is typically used to treat bronchospasm (due to any cause, allergen asthma or exercise-induced), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/albuterol.html )〕 Emergency medical practice commonly treats people presenting with asthma who report taking their salbutamol inhaler as prescribed with salbutamol; in general, people tolerate large doses well. As a β2-agonist, salbutamol also finds use in obstetrics. Intravenous salbutamol can be used as a tocolytic to relax the uterine smooth muscle to delay premature labor. While preferred over agents such as atosiban and ritodrine, its role has largely been replaced by the calcium-channel blocker nifedipine, which is more effective, better tolerated and orally administered. Salbutamol has been used to treat acute hyperkalemia, as it stimulates potassium flow into cells thus lowering the level in the blood. Salbutamol has also been tested in a trial aimed at treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, where it appears to show modest benefits. The drug is speculated to modulate the alternative splicing of the ''SMN2'' gene, increasing the amount of the SMN protein whose deficiency is regarded as the root cause of the disease. Other potential uses include in cystic fibrosis, and subtypes of congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with mutations in ''Dok-7''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「salbutamol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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