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Protoplast, from ancient Greek (''prōtóplastos'', "first-formed"), initially referred to the first human or, more generally, to the first organized body of a species. In modern biology, it has several definitions: *A protoplast is a plant, bacterial or fungal cell that had its cell wall completely or partially removed using either mechanical or enzymatic means. * *Protoplasts: Have their cell wall entirely removed and are derived from gram + (gram-positive) * *Spheroplasts: Have their cell wall only partially removed and are gram - (gram-negative) More generally ''protoplast'' refers to that unit of biology which is composed of a cell's nucleus and the surrounding protoplasmic materials. ==Enzymes for the preparation of protoplasts== Cell walls are made of a variety of polysaccharides. Protoplasts can be made by degrading cell walls with a mixture of the appropriate polysaccharide-degrading enzymes: During and subsequent to digestion of the cell wall, the protoplast becomes very sensitive to osmotic stress. This means cell wall digestion and protoplast storage must be done in an isotonic solution to prevent rupture of the plasma membrane. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「protoplast」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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