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pita
Pita or pitta ( or ) also known as Syrian Bread or Arabic Bread, is a soft, slightly leavened flatbread baked from wheat flour that originated in the Near East,〔 most probably Mesopotamia around 2500 BC. It is used in many Mediterranean, Balkan and Middle Eastern cuisines and resembles other slightly leavened flatbreads such as Iranian ''nan-e barbari'', South Asian flatbreads and Central Asian ''naan'', and pizza crust.
==Etymology==
The first known mention of the word in English was in 1936.〔Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, 2006〕 The English word is borrowed from Modern Greek πίτα. These all probably come from the Byzantine Greek πίτα 'bread, cake, pie, pitta' (attested in 1108).〔 Some sources trace it to the Ancient Greek πίττα or πίσσα 'pitch/resin',〔Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Λεξικό της κοινής Νεοελληνικής〕〔for the gloss: Liddell, Scott, Jones A Greek–English Lexicon〕 while others characterize this as "unlikely" and trace it to Latin ''picta'' 'painted', itself supposedly from Greek πηκτή 'congealed'.〔Babiniotis dictionary〕〔The connection between ''picta'' and πηκτή is not supported by the OED ''s.v.'' 'picture' nor by Carl Darling Buck, ''A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages'', 1949, 9.85 'paint', p. 629〕 Though the Modern Hebrew word ''pittāh'' is spelled like the Aramaic ''pittəṭā''/''pittā'' (which is related to Levantine Arabic ''fatteh''), they are not connected historically.〔 Other hypotheses trace it to Germanic〔G. Princi Braccini, ''Archivio Glottologico Italiano'' 64:42-89 (1979), cited by the OED〕 or Illyrian.〔J. Kramer, ''Balkan-Archiv'' 14-15:220-231 (1990), cited by the OED〕
The word has been borrowed by Turkish as ''pide'', and appears in the Balkan languages as Serbo-Croatian ''pita'', Romanian ''pită'', Albanian ''pite'', Bulgarian ''pitka'' or ''pita''. In Arabic, the phrase "خبز البيتا" (pita bread) is sometimes used; other names are simply "خبز" 'bread' or "الخبز العربي" 'Arab bread' or "خبز الكماج" 'ekamj bread'.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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