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pancreas
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide which circulate in the blood. The pancreas is also a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.
==Structure==
The pancreas is an endocrine organ that lies in the abdomen, specifically the upper left abdomen. It is found behind the stomach, with the head of the pancreas surrounded by the duodenum. The pancreas is about 15 cm (6 in) long.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Cancer-of-the-pancreas/Pages/Introduction.aspx )〕
Anatomically, the pancreas is divided into a ''head'', which rests within the concavity of the duodenum, a ''body'' lying behind the base of the stomach, and a ''tail'', which ends abutting the spleen. The ''neck'' of the pancreas lies between the body and head, and lies anterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein. The head of the pancreas surrounds these two vessels, and a small ''uncinate process'' emerges from the lower part of the head, lying behind the superior mesenteric artery.
The pancreas is a secretory structure with an internal hormonal role (endocrine) and an external digestive role (exocrine). It has two main ducts, the main pancreatic duct, and the accessory pancreatic duct. These drain enzymes through the ampulla of Vater into the duodenum.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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