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:''For orphaned articles in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Orphan'' An orphan (from the Greek ὀρφανός ''orfanós''〔(ὀρφανός ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕) is a child whose parents are dead or have abandoned them permanently.〔(Merriam-Webster online dictionary )〕〔Concise Oxford Dictionary, 6th edition "a child bereaved of parents" with bereaved meaning (of death etc) deprived of a relation〕 In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents is called an orphan. When referring to animals, only the mother's condition is usually relevant. If she has gone, the offspring is an orphan, regardless of the father's condition.〔http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/orphan?s=t〕 Adults can also be referred to as orphan, or ''adult orphans''. However, survivors who reached adulthood before their parents died are normally not called orphans. It is a term generally reserved for children whose parents have died while they are too young to support themselves. ==Definitions== Various groups use different definitions to identify orphans. One legal definition used in the United States is a minor bereft through "death or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation or loss from, both parents".〔USCIS definition for immigration purposes()〕 In the common use, an orphan does not have any surviving parent to care for him or her. However, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and other groups label any child that has lost one parent as an orphan. In this approach, a ''maternal orphan'' is a child whose mother has died, a ''paternal orphan'' is a child whose father has died, and a ''double orphan'' has lost both parents.〔(UNAIDS Global Report 2008 )〕 This contrasts with the older use of ''half-orphan'' to describe children that had lost only one parent.〔See, for example, (this 19th-century news story ) about The Society for the Relief of Half-Orphan and Destitute Children, or (this one ) about the Protestant Half-Orphan Asylum.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「orphan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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