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Maiolica〔The spelling with long i, ''majolica'', gives rise to the Anglicised pronunciation "maggolica", which is reserved for 19th-century tin- and lead-glazed stoneware: see Majolica.〕 is Italian tin-glazed pottery dating from the Italian Renaissance. It is decorated in bright colours on a white background, frequently depicting historical and legendary scenes, these known as ''istoriato'' wares ("painted with stories"). By the late 15th century a number of centres, mainly smaller cities in north and central Italy, were producing sophisticated pieces for a luxury market all over Italy and beyond. ==Name== The name is thought to come from the medieval Italian word for Majorca, an island on the route for ships bringing Hispano-Moresque wares from Valencia to Italy. Moorish potters from Majorca are reputed to have worked in Sicily and it has been suggested that their wares reached the Italian mainland from Caltagirone.〔Drury C. E. Fortnum (1892) ''Maiolica'', Chapman & Hall, London, quoted in E.A. Barber, (1915), ''Hispano Moresque Pottery'', The Hispanic Society of America, New York, pp. 25-26〕 An alternative explanation of the name is that it comes from the Spanish term ''obra de Malaga'', denoting “() wares from Malaga”.〔Sweetman, John (1987), ''The oriental obsession: Islamic inspiration in British and American art and architecture 1500-1920'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.〕 or ''obra de mélequa'', the Spanish name for lustre.〔 In the 15th century, the term ''maiolica'' referred solely to lusterware, including both Italian-made and Spanish imports, and tin-glaze wares were known as ''bianchi'' (white ware).〔Alan Caiger-Smith, ''Lustre Pottery'', London and Boston: Faber and Faber, 1985〕 Eventually the term came to be used when describing ceramics made in Italy, lustred or not, of tin-glazed earthenware. With the Spanish conquest of Mexico, tin-glazed maiolica wares came to be produced in the Valley of Mexico as early as 1540, at first in imitation of tin-glazed pottery imported from Seville.〔Florence C. Lister and Robert H. Lister, ''Sixteenth Century Maiolica Pottery in the Valley of Mexico'' (Tucson: Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona) 1982.〕 Mexican maiolica is known famously as 'Talavera'. "By a convenient extension and limitation the name may be applied to all tin-glazed ware, of whatever nationality, made in the Italian tradition ... the name faïence (or the synonymous English 'delftware') being reserved for the later wares of the 17th Century onwards, either in original styles (as in the case of the French) or, more frequently, in the Dutch-Chinese (Delft) tradition."〔Honey, p.387〕 The term "maiolica" is sometimes applied to modern tin-glazed ware made by studio potters (as in Osterman's book, see below). The English word, ''majolica'', is also used for Victorian majolica, a different type of pottery with clear, coloured glazes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「maiolica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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