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kokutai
''Kokutai'' (Kyūjitai: 國體, Shinjitai: 国体, literally "national body/structure") is a politically-loaded word in the Japanese language translatable as "system of government", "sovereignty", "national identity; national essence; national character", "national polity; body politic; national entity; basis for the Emperor's sovereignty; Japanese constitution". The word is also a short form of the (unrelated) name for the National Sports Festival of Japan.
==Etymology==
''Kokutai'' originated as a Sino-Japanese loanword from Chinese ''guoti'' (, "state political system; national governmental structure"). This Japanese compound word joins ''koku'' < Chinese ''guo'' (國/国 "country; nation; province; land") and ''tai'' < ''ti'' (體/体 "body; substance; object; structure; form; style"). According to the ''Hanyu Da Cidian'', the oldest ''guoti'' usages are in two Chinese classic texts. The 2nd century BCE ''Guliang zhuan'' (榖梁傳 "Guliang's Commentary") to the Spring and Autumn Annals glosses ''dafu'' (大夫 "high minister; senior official") as ''guoti'' metaphorically meaning "embodiment of the country". The 1st century CE Book of Han history of Emperor Cheng of Han uses ''guoti'' to mean "laws and governance" of Confucianist officials.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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