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:''"inah" redirects here; for "INAH" see: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia'' Isoniazid, marketed under other names including isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) and Hydra, is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent in the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis.'' It is also active against some atypical strains like ''M. kansasii'' and ''M. xenopi''.〔Berning SE, Peloquin CA. Antimycobacterial agents: Isoniazid. In: Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines, Yu V, Merigan T, Barriere S (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1998.〕 Isoniazid is an organic compound that is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms.〔Isoniazid (insert ). Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp; 2014.〕〔Isoniazid (insert ). Atlanta, GA: Mikart, Inc; 2015〕〔Isoniazid (insert ). Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009.〕 The most common side effect seen with isoniazid use is an increase in liver enzymes; however it is usually harmless. Uncommon side effects include numbness in the arms or legs and liver inflammation. Isoniazid has a boxed warning on the risk of liver toxicity and thus liver function should be monitored carefully on all patients receiving isoniazid. The proposed mechanism of action is the blocking of the formation of mycolic acid, which is an essential part of the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall results in cell death and isoniazid can fight colonization at both the intracellular and extracellular level. It was first made in the early 20th century, but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.〔(Roche USA )〕 With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered possible. It is available worldwide, is inexpensive, and is generally well tolerated. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of medicines that constitute the bare minimum for a basic health system. ==Medical uses== Isoniazid is approved for latent and active tuberculosis infections; for the latter, it is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to also limit drug resistance. Isoniazid has been approved as prophylaxis therapy for the following populations: * Persons of known HIV status with a PPD of > 5mm * Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm * Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons <35 and >15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old * Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage * Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative * Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 5mm* Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons 15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old* Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage* Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities">ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ 5mm* Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons 15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old* Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage* Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities">ウィキペディアで「:'''''"inah"''' redirects here; for "INAH" see: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia'''''Isoniazid''', marketed under other names including '''isonicotinylhydrazide''' ('''INH''') and '''Hydra''', is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent in the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis.'' It is also active against some atypical strains like ''M. kansasii'' and ''M. xenopi''.Berning SE, Peloquin CA. Antimycobacterial agents: Isoniazid. In: Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines, Yu V, Merigan T, Barriere S (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1998. Isoniazid is an organic compound that is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms.Isoniazid (insert ). Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp; 2014.Isoniazid (insert ). Atlanta, GA: Mikart, Inc; 2015Isoniazid (insert ). Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009.The most common side effect seen with isoniazid use is an increase in liver enzymes; however it is usually harmless. Uncommon side effects include numbness in the arms or legs and liver inflammation. Isoniazid has a boxed warning on the risk of liver toxicity and thus liver function should be monitored carefully on all patients receiving isoniazid. The proposed mechanism of action is the blocking of the formation of mycolic acid, which is an essential part of the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall results in cell death and isoniazid can fight colonization at both the intracellular and extracellular level.It was first made in the early 20th century, but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.(Roche USA ) With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered possible. It is available worldwide, is inexpensive, and is generally well tolerated. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of medicines that constitute the bare minimum for a basic health system.==Medical uses==Isoniazid is approved for latent and active tuberculosis infections; for the latter, it is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to also limit drug resistance.Isoniazid has been approved as prophylaxis therapy for the following populations:* Persons of known HIV status with a PPD of > 5mm* Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons 15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old* Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage* Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities」の詳細全文を読む :''"inah" redirects here; for "INAH" see: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia'' Isoniazid, marketed under other names including isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) and Hydra, is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent in the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis.'' It is also active against some atypical strains like ''M. kansasii'' and ''M. xenopi''.〔Berning SE, Peloquin CA. Antimycobacterial agents: Isoniazid. In: Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines, Yu V, Merigan T, Barriere S (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1998.〕 Isoniazid is an organic compound that is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms.〔Isoniazid (insert ). Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp; 2014.〕〔Isoniazid (insert ). Atlanta, GA: Mikart, Inc; 2015〕〔Isoniazid (insert ). Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009.〕 The most common side effect seen with isoniazid use is an increase in liver enzymes; however it is usually harmless. Uncommon side effects include numbness in the arms or legs and liver inflammation. Isoniazid has a boxed warning on the risk of liver toxicity and thus liver function should be monitored carefully on all patients receiving isoniazid. The proposed mechanism of action is the blocking of the formation of mycolic acid, which is an essential part of the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall results in cell death and isoniazid can fight colonization at both the intracellular and extracellular level. It was first made in the early 20th century, but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.〔(Roche USA )〕 With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered possible. It is available worldwide, is inexpensive, and is generally well tolerated. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of medicines that constitute the bare minimum for a basic health system. ==Medical uses== Isoniazid is approved for latent and active tuberculosis infections; for the latter, it is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to also limit drug resistance. Isoniazid has been approved as prophylaxis therapy for the following populations: * Persons of known HIV status with a PPD of > 5mm * Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm * Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons <35 and >15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old * Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage * Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative * Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 redirects here; for "INAH" see: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia''Isoniazid, marketed under other names including isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) and Hydra, is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent in the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis.'' It is also active against some atypical strains like ''M. kansasii'' and ''M. xenopi''.Berning SE, Peloquin CA. Antimycobacterial agents: Isoniazid. In: Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines, Yu V, Merigan T, Barriere S (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1998. Isoniazid is an organic compound that is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms.Isoniazid (insert ). Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp; 2014.Isoniazid (insert ). Atlanta, GA: Mikart, Inc; 2015Isoniazid (insert ). Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009.The most common side effect seen with isoniazid use is an increase in liver enzymes; however it is usually harmless. Uncommon side effects include numbness in the arms or legs and liver inflammation. Isoniazid has a boxed warning on the risk of liver toxicity and thus liver function should be monitored carefully on all patients receiving isoniazid. The proposed mechanism of action is the blocking of the formation of mycolic acid, which is an essential part of the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall results in cell death and isoniazid can fight colonization at both the intracellular and extracellular level.It was first made in the early 20th century, but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.(Roche USA ) With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered possible. It is available worldwide, is inexpensive, and is generally well tolerated. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of medicines that constitute the bare minimum for a basic health system.==Medical uses==Isoniazid is approved for latent and active tuberculosis infections; for the latter, it is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to also limit drug resistance.Isoniazid has been approved as prophylaxis therapy for the following populations:* Persons of known HIV status with a PPD of > 5mm* Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons 15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old* Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage* Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities">ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ redirects here; for "INAH" see: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia''Isoniazid, marketed under other names including isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) and Hydra, is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent in the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis.'' It is also active against some atypical strains like ''M. kansasii'' and ''M. xenopi''.Berning SE, Peloquin CA. Antimycobacterial agents: Isoniazid. In: Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines, Yu V, Merigan T, Barriere S (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1998. Isoniazid is an organic compound that is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms.Isoniazid (insert ). Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp; 2014.Isoniazid (insert ). Atlanta, GA: Mikart, Inc; 2015Isoniazid (insert ). Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009.The most common side effect seen with isoniazid use is an increase in liver enzymes; however it is usually harmless. Uncommon side effects include numbness in the arms or legs and liver inflammation. Isoniazid has a boxed warning on the risk of liver toxicity and thus liver function should be monitored carefully on all patients receiving isoniazid. The proposed mechanism of action is the blocking of the formation of mycolic acid, which is an essential part of the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall results in cell death and isoniazid can fight colonization at both the intracellular and extracellular level.It was first made in the early 20th century, but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.(Roche USA ) With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered possible. It is available worldwide, is inexpensive, and is generally well tolerated. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of medicines that constitute the bare minimum for a basic health system.==Medical uses==Isoniazid is approved for latent and active tuberculosis infections; for the latter, it is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to also limit drug resistance.Isoniazid has been approved as prophylaxis therapy for the following populations:* Persons of known HIV status with a PPD of > 5mm* Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons 15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old* Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage* Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities">ウィキペディアで「:''"inah" redirects here; for "INAH" see: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia''Isoniazid, marketed under other names including isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) and Hydra''', is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent in the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis.'' It is also active against some atypical strains like ''M. kansasii'' and ''M. xenopi''.Berning SE, Peloquin CA. Antimycobacterial agents: Isoniazid. In: Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines, Yu V, Merigan T, Barriere S (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1998. Isoniazid is an organic compound that is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms.Isoniazid (insert ). Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp; 2014.Isoniazid (insert ). Atlanta, GA: Mikart, Inc; 2015Isoniazid (insert ). Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009.The most common side effect seen with isoniazid use is an increase in liver enzymes; however it is usually harmless. Uncommon side effects include numbness in the arms or legs and liver inflammation. Isoniazid has a boxed warning on the risk of liver toxicity and thus liver function should be monitored carefully on all patients receiving isoniazid. The proposed mechanism of action is the blocking of the formation of mycolic acid, which is an essential part of the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall results in cell death and isoniazid can fight colonization at both the intracellular and extracellular level.It was first made in the early 20th century, but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.(Roche USA ) With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered possible. It is available worldwide, is inexpensive, and is generally well tolerated. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of medicines that constitute the bare minimum for a basic health system.==Medical uses==Isoniazid is approved for latent and active tuberculosis infections; for the latter, it is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to also limit drug resistance.Isoniazid has been approved as prophylaxis therapy for the following populations:* Persons of known HIV status with a PPD of > 5mm* Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons 15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old* Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage* Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities」の詳細全文を読む Hydra''', is an antibiotic used as a first-line agent in the prevention and treatment of both latent and active tuberculosis. It is effective against mycobacteria, particularly ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis.'' It is also active against some atypical strains like ''M. kansasii'' and ''M. xenopi''.Berning SE, Peloquin CA. Antimycobacterial agents: Isoniazid. In: Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines, Yu V, Merigan T, Barriere S (Eds), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1998. Isoniazid is an organic compound that is available in tablet, syrup, and injectable forms.Isoniazid (insert ). Eatontown, NJ: West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp; 2014.Isoniazid (insert ). Atlanta, GA: Mikart, Inc; 2015Isoniazid (insert ). Princeton, NJ: Sandoz, Inc; 2009.The most common side effect seen with isoniazid use is an increase in liver enzymes; however it is usually harmless. Uncommon side effects include numbness in the arms or legs and liver inflammation. Isoniazid has a boxed warning on the risk of liver toxicity and thus liver function should be monitored carefully on all patients receiving isoniazid. The proposed mechanism of action is the blocking of the formation of mycolic acid, which is an essential part of the mycobacterial cell wall. Disruption of the cell wall results in cell death and isoniazid can fight colonization at both the intracellular and extracellular level.It was first made in the early 20th century, but its activity against tuberculosis was first reported in the early 1950s. Three pharmaceutical companies unsuccessfully attempted to patent the drug at the same time, the most prominent one being Roche, which launched its version, Rimifon, in 1952.(Roche USA ) With the introduction of isoniazid, a cure for tuberculosis was first considered possible. It is available worldwide, is inexpensive, and is generally well tolerated. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of medicines that constitute the bare minimum for a basic health system.==Medical uses==Isoniazid is approved for latent and active tuberculosis infections; for the latter, it is used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis medications to also limit drug resistance.Isoniazid has been approved as prophylaxis therapy for the following populations:* Persons of known HIV status with a PPD of > 5mm* Contact with persons of diagnosed tuberculosis infection with a PPD of greater than or equal to 5 mm* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm in a 2 year time frame for persons 15 mm for persons greater than or equal to 35 years old* Persons with abnormal chest x-rays with apparent pulmonary damage* Injection drug users whose HIV status is negative* Persons with a PPD of greater than or equal to 10 mm who are foreign-born from high prevalence geographical regions, low-income populations, and patients residing in long-term facilities」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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