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heresy
Heresy is any provocative belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs. A heretic is a proponent of such claims or beliefs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Heresy | Define Heresy at Dictionary.com )〕 Heresy is distinct from both apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Apostasy | Learn everything there is to know about Apostasy at )〕 and blasphemy, which is an impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Definitions of "blasphemy" at Dictionary.com )〕
The term is usually used to refer to violations of important religious teachings, but is used also of views strongly opposed to any generally accepted ideas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=heresy - definition of heresy in English from the Oxford dictionary )〕 It is used in particular in reference to Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Marxism.〔(Daryl Glaser, David M. Walker (editors), ''Twentieth-Century Marxism'' (Routledge 2007 ISBN 978-1-13597974-4), p. 62 )〕
In certain historical Islamic, Christian, and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been and in some cases still is subjected not merely to punishments such as excommunication, but even to the death penalty.
==Etymology==
The term ''heresy'' is from Greek originally meant "choice" or "thing chosen",〔Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). "Heresy". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.〕 but it came to mean the "party or school of a man's choice"〔Bruce, F.F. ''The Spreading Flame'', Exeter:Paternoster 1964, p. 249〕 and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live. The word "heresy" is usually used within a Christian, Jewish, or Islamic context, and implies slightly different meanings in each. The founder or leader of a heretical movement is called a heresiarch, while individuals who espouse heresy or commit heresy are known as heretics. Heresiology is the study of heresy.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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