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In Chinese culture, a ''hanjian'' () is a derogatory and pejorative term for a race traitor to the Han Chinese nation or state, and to a lesser extent, Han ethnicity. The word ''hanjian'' is distinct from the general word for traitor, which could be used for any race or country. As a Chinese term, it is a digraph of the Chinese characters for "Han" and "traitor". ==History== During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the National Revolutionary Army was defeated in various battles by the Imperial Japanese Army. Chiang Kai-shek explained that hanjian espionage helped the Japanese and ordered CC Clique commander Chen Lifu to arrest the hanjians.〔''Yomiuri Shimbun'', September 14, 1937 page 7〕 4,000 were arrested in Shanghai〔''Yomiuri Shimbun'', September 15, 1937 second evening issue, page 1〕 and 2,000 in Nanjing.〔''Gahō Yakushin no Nippon'', December 1, 1937〕 Because martial law was enforced, formal trials were not necessary, and the condemned were executed swiftly, while thousands of men, women and children watched with evident approval.〔''The New York Times'' August 30, 1937 page 3〕 Wang Jingwei, who led the collaborationist Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China from Nanjing during the war, as well as his supporters, are regarded as hanjians in China as are Taiwanese soldiers who fought in the Japanese military against Chinese forces and the Allies. The word also came to be used in the legal systems of modern China and Taiwan. The Republic of China (1912–49) issued an important law in 1937: The China (PRC) ratified a ''Instructions on the confiscation of war criminals, traitors, bureaucrat capitalists and counterrevolutionary property'' ( in 1951. After the Sook Ching () or ethnic cleansing by mass murder of Chinese opposed to the Japanese occupation of Singapore and Malaya in February–March 1942, Tan Kah Kee, a prominent Chinese industrialist and philanthropist in Southeast Asia, proposed to the provisional Republic of China government to treat all Chinese who attempted to negotiate with the Japanese as hanjians. His proposal was adopted by the Second Legislative Yuan, and was praised by Chinese resistance fighters. During the Cold War, the Chinese government classified citizens who collaborated with a hostile foreign power as hanjians. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hanjian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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