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epyllion
In classical studies the term epyllion (Ancient Greek: , plural: , epyllia) refers to a comparatively short narrative poem (or discrete episode within a longer work) that shows formal affinities with epic, but betrays a preoccupation with themes and poetic techniques that are not generally or, at least, primarily characteristic of epic proper.
==Etymology and modern usage==
Ancient Greek (''epyllion'') is the diminutive of (''epos'') in that word's senses of "verse" or "epic poem"; Liddell and Scott's ''Greek–English Lexicon'' thus defines as a "versicle, scrap of poetry" or "short epic poem", citing for the latter definition Athenaeus, ''Deipnosophistae'' 2.68 (65a–b):〔Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', 9th ed. (Oxford, 1940), s.v. ().〕
This is in fact the only ancient instance of the word that shows anything approaching the connotations with which it is most often employed by modern scholars,〔Fordyce (1961) 272 n. 1.〕 and epyllion did not enter the common language of criticism until the 19th century. Wolf was apparently responsible for popularizing the term, for two of his essays from early in that century are referred to by titles including epyllion: ''Ad Scutum Herculis epyllion Hesiodo subditum animadversiones'' (''Observations on the Shield of Heracles, an Epyllion Falsely Attributed to Hesiod'') and ''Theocriti idyllia et epyllia'' (''The Idylls and Epyllia of Theocritus'').〔Most (1982).〕 The locus classicus for the sense of epyllion as a hexametric mythological poem that is not only comparatively short, but also imbued to some extent with the characteristics of Hellenistic poetry is Moritz Haupt's 1855 study of Catullus 64,〔Reprinted in Haupt (1876), with the key discussion occurring at 76–79; cf. Fordyce (1961) 272 n. 1.〕 but it is likely that Haupt was using a term that had in the preceding decades become common to discussions of the shorter narrative poems of the Alexandrians.〔Reilly (1953) 111.〕
In the early 20th century the first studies specifically devoted to the concept of the epyllion were undertaken, with Leumann's work on Hellenistic epyllia, Jackson's study of the possible Roman examples, and Crump's attempt at a diachronic study of the epyllion as a single genre whose history could be traced from the Greek poems of the Hellenistic period through the Augustan period's Latin texts.〔Leumann (1904); Jackson (1913); and Crump (1931).〕 The exact meaning and applicability of the term epyllion has remained a matter of dispute, and Richard Hunter's recent appraisal summarizes well the current opinion regarding epyllia:
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