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desertification
Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.〔Geist (2005), (p. 2 )〕 It is caused by a variety of factors, such as climate change and human activities.〔http://www.fao.org/docrep/v0265e/v0265e01.htm〕 Desertification is a significant global ecological and environmental problem.〔Geist (2005), (p. 4 )〕
==Definitions==
Considerable controversy exists over the proper definition of the term "desertification" for which Helmut Geist (2005) has identified more than 100 formal definitions.The most widely accepted〔 of these is that of the Princeton University Dictionary which defines it as "the process of fertile land transforming into desert typically as a result of deforestation, drought or improper/inappropriate agriculture".〔(Google Dictionary (2012) )〕
Desertification has been neatly defined in the text of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as "land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities."〔http://www.unccd.int/en/about-the-convention/Pages/Text-Part-I.aspx〕
The earliest known discussion of the topic arose soon after the French colonization of West Africa, when the Comité d'Etudes commissioned a study on ''desséchement progressif'' to explore the prehistoric expansion of the Sahara Desert.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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