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Chancellor ((ラテン語:cancellarius)) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the ''cancellarii'' of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the ''cancelli'' or lattice work screens of a basilica or law court, which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a chancellery or chancery. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in all kinds of settings (government, education, religion, etc.). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe: *The head of the government *A person in charge of foreign affairs *A person with duties related to justice *A person in charge of financial and economic issues *The head of a university ==Head of government== *The Chancellor of Germany or Bundeskanzler (official German title which means "Federal Chancellor"), is the title for the head of government in Germany. ''Bundeskanzlerin'' is the exclusively feminine form. In German politics the ''Bundeskanzler'' position is equivalent to that of a prime minister and is elected by the ''Bundestag'', ("Federal Diet", the lower house of the German Federal Parliament), every four years on its first session after general elections. Between general elections, the Federal Chancellor (together with the whole cabinet) can only be removed from office by a ''konstruktives Misstrauensvotum'' ("constructive motion of no confidence") which consists in the candidacy of an opposition candidate for the office of Chancellor in the Bundestag. If this candidate gets more votes from the members of the Bundes-tag than the incumbent head of govern-ment, he (or she) will be sworn in immediately as new Federal Chancellor.〔Grundgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland〕 The current German ''Bundeskanzlerin'' is Angela Merkel from the CDU (Christian Democrats). The former German Empire, the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany had the equivalent position of Reichskanzler ("Chancellor of the Realm"), as the head of the executive. Between 1871 and 1918 the Chancellor was appointed by the German Emperor. During the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), the Chancellor was chosen by the Reichspräsident and stood under his authority. This continued (formally) during the two first years of the Nazi regime until the death of President Paul von Hindenburg in 1935. Between 1935 and 1945 Adolf Hitler, the dictatorial head of state ''and'' government of Nazi Germany was officially called "Führer und Reichskanzler" (literally "Leader and Chancellor of the Realm"). *The Chancellor of Austria, also titled ''Bundeskanzler'', is the head of government in Austria. Werner Faymann is the current ''Bundeskanzler'' in Austria. *In Switzerland, the Federal Chancellor (''Bundeskanzler, Chancelier fédéral, Cancelliere della Confederazione'') is not the head of government, but rather the Chief of Staff of the Swiss Federal Government. He or she is elected by the Swiss federal parliament to head the Federal Chancellery — the general staff of the seven-member executive Federal Council, the Swiss federal government. The Chancellor participates in the meetings of the seven Federal Councilors with a consultative vote and prepares the reports on policy and activities of the council to parliament. The chancellery is responsible for the publication of all federal laws. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「chancellor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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