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A caron ()〔 entry "caron" 〕 or háček (; from Czech ''háček'' (:ˈɦaːtʃɛk)) or mäkčeň (; from Slovak ''mäkčeň'' (:ˈmɛktʃɛɲ) or (:ˈmæktʃɛɲ)), also known as a wedge, inverted circumflex, inverted hat, is a diacritic ( ˇ ) placed over certain letters to indicate present or historical palatalization, iotation, or postalveolar pronunciation in the orthography of some Baltic, Slavic, Finnic, Samic, Berber and other languages. The caron also indicates the third tone (falling and then rising) in the Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese. It looks similar to a breve, but has a sharp tip, like an inverted circumflex (ˆ), while a breve is rounded. Compare the caron: Ǎ ǎ Ě ě Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ to the breve: Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ĭ ĭ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ. The left (downward) stroke is usually thicker than the right (upward) stroke in serif typefaces. The caron is also used as a symbol or modifier in mathematics. == Names == Different disciplines generally call this diacritic by different names. Typography tends to use the term ''caron''. Linguistics more often uses ''haček'' (with no long mark), largely due to the influence of the Prague School (particularly on Structuralist linguists who subsequently developed alphabets for previously unwritten languages of the Americas). Pullum's and Ladusaw's ''Phonetic Symbol Guide'' (Chicago, 1996) uses the term ''wedge''. The term ''caron'' is used in the official names of Unicode characters (e.g., "Latin capital letter Z with caron"). Its earliest known use was in the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual of 1967, and it was later used in character sets such as DIN 31624 (1979), ISO 5426 (1980), ISO/IEC 6937 (1983) and ISO/IEC 8859-2 (1985).〔Andrew West, (Antedating the Caron )〕 Its actual origin remains obscure, but some have suggested that it may derive from a fusion of caret and macron.〔(Unicode.org )〕 Though this may be folk etymology, it is plausible, particularly in the absence of other suggestions. The name ''haček'' (with no long mark) appears in most English dictionaries; the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' gives its earliest citation as 1953. In Czech, ''háček'' means "small hook", the diminutive form of ''hák''. The Czech plural form is ''háčky''. In Slovak it is called ''mäkčeň'' (i.e., "softener" or "palatalization mark"), in Slovenian ''strešica'' ("little roof") or ''kljukica'' ("little hook"), in Croatian and Serbian ''kvaka'' or ''kvačica'' ("angled hook" or "small angled hook"), in Lithuanian ''paukščiukas'' ("little bird"); however more commonly referred to as "varnelė" ("little jackdaw"), ''katus'' ("roof") in Estonian, ''hattu'' ("hat") in Finnish, and ''ičášleče'' ("wedge") in Lakota (a Native American language). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「caron」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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