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bullpen
In baseball, the bullpen (or simply the pen) is the area where relief pitchers warm-up before entering a game. A team's roster of relief pitchers is also metonymically referred to as "the bullpen". These pitchers usually wait in the bullpen if they have not yet played in a game, rather than in the dugout with the rest of the team. The starting pitcher also makes his final pregame warm-up throws in the bullpen. Managers can call coaches in the bullpen on an in-house telephone from the dugout to tell a certain pitcher to begin his warm-up tosses.
Each team generally has its own bullpen consisting of two pitching rubbers and plates at regulation distance from each other. In most Major League Baseball parks, the bullpens are situated out-of-play behind the outfield fence. There are currently four MLB parks with bullpens in playable foul territory: Wrigley Field, AT&T Park, O.co Coliseum and Tropicana Field.
==Origin of the term==
The origin of the term ''bullpen,'' as used in baseball, is debated, with no one theory holding unanimous, or even substantial, sway. The term first appeared in wide use shortly after the turn of the 20th century and has been used since in roughly its present meaning. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the earliest recorded use of "bullpen" in baseball is in a 1924 ''Chicago Tribune'' article from October 5. The earliest known usage of the term "bull pen" relating to an area of a baseball field is in a ''New York Times'' article from June 24, 1883.〔 - (''New York Times'' reporting on the Providence/New York game of June 23, 1883) "Denny drove the ball into the bull pen in the sixth inning, and would have secured a home run without the ball going outside the fence had he not stepped directly over instead of upon the bag at third base, the umpire giving him out." - retrieved March 10, 2010 - The term here refers to an area of the field that was in-play. Unstated are the specific purpose of the bullpen and whether the area was in fair or foul territory.〕 The earliest known relief pitching related usage of "bullpen" in the ''New York Times'' is in an article dated September 18, 1912.〔 - (''New York Times'' reporting on the Cubs/Giants game of September 17, 1912) "Chicago began to get worried, and Richie, Ruelbach, and Lavender were rushed to the bullpen to get warmed up and be ready to relieve the weakening Cheney at a minute's notice." - retrieved October 20, 2009〕
There are numerous examples—some historical, some speculative—about the possible origin of the term ''bullpen''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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