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Anthracite is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest calorific content of all types of coal, which also include bituminous coal and lignite. Anthracite is the most metamorphosed type of coal (but still represents low-grade metamorphism), in which the carbon content is between 92.1% and 98%. The term is applied to those varieties of coal which do not give off tarry or other hydrocarbon vapours when heated below their point of ignition. Anthracite ignites with difficulty and burns with a short, blue, and smokeless flame. Anthracite is categorized into standard grade, which is used mainly in power generation, and high grade (HG) and ultra high grade (UHG), the principal uses of which are in the metallurgy sector. Anthracite accounts for about 1% of global coal reserves,〔(World Coal Association - The Coal Resource )〕 and is mined in only a few countries around the world. China accounts for the majority of global production; other producers are Russia, Ukraine, North Korea, South Africa, Vietnam, the UK, Australia and the US. Total production in 2010 was 670 million tons.〔(U.S. Energy Information Administration 2010 international energy statistics )〕 ==Names== Anthracite derives from the Greek ''anthrakítēs'' (), literally "coal-like".〔"anthracite", The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2010-06-26. ()〕 Other terms which refer to anthracite are black coal, hard coal, stone coal, dark coal, coffee coal, blind coal (in Scotland), Kilkenny coal (in Ireland), crow coal or craw coal, and black diamond. "Blue Coal" is the term for a once-popular and trademarked brand of anthracite, mined by the Glen Alden Coal Company in Pennsylvania, and sprayed with a blue dye at the mine before shipping to its northeastern U.S. markets to distinguish it from its competitors. Culm has different meanings in British and American English. In England, culm is the imperfect anthracite of north Devon and Cornwall, which was used as a pigment. It is also used to refer to the rock strata those deposits are found in, both in Britain and in the Rhenish hill countries (the Culm Measures), and to coal exported from Britain during the 19th century. In America, culm refers to the waste or slack from anthracite mining, mostly dust and small pieces not suitable for use in home furnaces. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「anthracite」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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