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Ẓāhirī
Ẓāhirī ((アラビア語:ظاهري)) is a Sunni school of thought in Islamic jurisprudence.〔Robert Gleave, ''Islam and Literalism: Literal Meaning and Interpretation in Islamic Legal Theory'', pg. 150. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780748625703〕 The school is named after one of its early prominent jurists, Dawud ibn Khalaf al-Zahiri (died 883),〔Wael B. Hallaq, ''The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law'', pg. 124. Cambridge University Press, 2005.〕 and is known for its insistence on sticking to the manifest (''zahir'') or apparent meaning of expressions in the Qur'an and the Sunnah; the followers of this school are called ''Zahiriyah''.
Their numbers having dwindled since the Middle Ages, the Zahirite school is adhered to by minority communities in Morocco and Pakistan. In the past, adherents to the school comprised a majority of the Muslims living in Mesopotamia, Southern Iran, the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and North Africa. Many among the modern-day Ahl al-Hadith movement, though not all, claim to follow the Zahiri school of thought.〔Daniel W. Brown, ''Rethinking Tradition in Modern Islamic Thought'': Vol. 5 of Cambridge Middle East Studies, pg. 28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. ISBN 9780521653947〕
==History==
While those outside the school of thought often point to Dawud al-Zahiri as the "founder" of the school, followers of the school themselves tend to look to earlier figures such as Sufyan al-Thawri and Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh as the forerunners of Zahiri principles. Umm al-Qura University professor Abdul Aziz al-Harbi has claimed that the first generation of Muslims followed the school's methods and therefore can be called "the school of the first generation."〔Falih al-Dhibyani, (Al-zahiriyya hiya al-madhhab al-awwal, wa al-mutakallimun 'anha yahrifun bima la ya'rifun ). Interview with Okaz. 15 July 2006, Iss. #1824. Photography by Salih Ba Habri.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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