翻訳と辞書
Words near each other
・ Vindication Island
・ Vindicator
・ Vindicator (album)
・ Vindicator (comics)
・ Vindicators
・ Vindicia
・ Vindiciae contra tyrannos
・ Vindicianus
・ Vindictus
・ Vindija
・ Vindija (company)
・ Vindija Cave
・ Vindika Chandrasiri
・ Vindinge, Roskilde Municipality
・ Vindobala
Vindobona
・ Vindobona (train)
・ Vindobonella
・ Vindolanda
・ Vindolanda tablets
・ Vindoline
・ Vindomora
・ Vindon Healthcare
・ Vindonissa
・ Vindonius Anatolius
・ Vindornyafok
・ Vindornyalak
・ Vindornyaszőlős
・ Vindrac-Alayrac
・ Vindrey


Dictionary Lists
翻訳と辞書 辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ]
スポンサード リンク

Vindobona : ウィキペディア英語版
Vindobona

Vindobona (from Gaulish ''windo-'' "white" and ''bona'' "base/bottom") was a Celtic settlement and later a Roman military camp on the site of the modern city of Vienna in Austria.
Around 15 BC, the kingdom of Noricum was included in the Roman Empire. Henceforth, the Danube marked the border of the empire, and the Romans built fortifications and settlements on the banks of the Danube, including Vindobona with an estimated population of 15,000-20,000.〔http://books.google.dk/books?id=yf5b50KuibQC&pg=PA190&lpg=PA190&dq=vindobona+population+15,000&source=bl&ots=PfMoNgfto6&sig=hqdOipkpWr7KBGnQSnwdk4Mun1Q&hl=da&sa=X&ei=ypQpU-6FJOKe4wS0uoCwBg&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=vindobona%20population%2015%2C000&f=false〕〔http://books.google.dk/books?id=iQMRAQAAIAAJ&q=Vindobona+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+20.000&dq=Vindobona+Bev%C3%B6lkerung+20.000&hl=da&sa=X&ei=spYpU-vEHeao4ASKvYC4Bw&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ〕
==History==

Early references to Vindobona are made by the geographer Ptolemy in his ''Geographica'' and the historian Aurelius Victor, who recounts that emperor Marcus Aurelius died in Vindobona on the 17 March 180. Today, there is a ''Marc-Aurelstraße'' (English: Marcus Aurelius street) near the Hoher Markt in Vienna.
Vindobona was part of the Roman province Pannonia, of which the regional administrative centre was Carnuntum. Vindobona was a military camp with an attached civilian city (Canabae). The military complex covered an area of some 20 hectares, housing about 6000 men where Vienna’s first district now stands. The Danube marked the border of the Roman Empire, and Vindobona was part of a defensive network including the camps of Carnuntum, Brigetio and Aquincum. Under Emperor Trajan, four legions were stationed in Pannonia.
Marcus Aurelius is said to have died in Vindobona on March 17th in the year 180AD from an unknown illness while on a military campaign against invading Germanic tribes.
Vinndobona was provisioned by the surrounding Roman country estates (Villae rusticae).
A centre of trade with a developed infrastructure as well as agriculture and forestry developed around Vindobona. Civic communities developed outside the fortifications (''canabae legionis''), as well another community that was independent of the military authorities in today's third district. It has also been proven that a Germanic settlement with a large marketplace existed on the far side of the Danube from the second century onwards.
The asymmetrical layout of the military camp, which was unusual for the otherwise standardised Roman encampments, is still recognisable in Vienna’s street plan: Graben, Naglergasse, Tiefer Graben, Salzgries, Rabensteig, Rotenturmstraße. The oblique camp border along today's street Salzgries was probably caused by a tremendous flood of the river Danube that occurred during the 3rd century and eroded a considerable part of the camp.〔(Reconstruction of the ancient relief of downtown Vienna ) 〕 The name “Graben” (English: ditch) is believed to hark back to the defensive ditches of the military camp. It is thought that at least parts of the walls still stood in the Middle Ages, when these streets were laid out, and thus determined their routes. The Berghof was later erected in one corner of the camp.
Wars, administrative and military reforms in the 3rd and 4th century as well as devastating floods led the population to retreat more and more into the military camp. The area lost its importance as a border in the 5th century, and the local population lived within the former fortification.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Vindobona」の詳細全文を読む



スポンサード リンク
翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース

Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.