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Venda was a bantustan in northern South Africa, bordering Zimbabwe to the north, while to the south it shared a long border with another black homeland, Gazankulu. It is now part of Limpopo province. Venda was founded as a homeland by the South African government for the Venda people, speakers of the Venda language.〔Lahiff, p. 55.〕 For this reason the United Nations and international community refused to recognize Venda as an independent state. ==History== It was declared self-governing on 1 February 1973,〔(Worldstatesman.com ) has a chronology of Venda's transition to nominal independence and reintegration into South Africa.〕 with elections held later in the year.〔 Further elections were held in July 1978.〔 The territory was declared independent by the South African government on 13 September 1979 and its residents lost their South African citizenship.〔(The Birth of a New Non-State ), in ''Time Magazine'', 24 September 1979〕〔"S. Africa Launches 'Independent Black State' of Venda," in ''The Washington Post,'' 13 September 1979.〕 In common with other bantustans, its independence was not recognized by the international community. Venda was initially a series of non-contiguous territories in the Transvaal, with one main part and one main exclave. Its capital, formerly at Sibasa, was moved to Thohoyandou (which included the old Sibasa administrative district) when Venda was declared independent in 1979. Prior to independence it was expanded to form one contiguous territory, with a total land area of 6,807 km².〔 In the 1984 elections the ruling Venda Independence People's Party lost to the Venda National Party.〔(Elections in South Africa's Apartheid-Era Homelands "Bantustans" ) African Elections Database〕 At independence in 1973, the population of Venda stood at 200,000 people. The Venda people, just like their Tsonga neighbours in the former Gazankulu, are South Africa's minority groups. They currently numbers 700 000 speakers, while the Tsonga at their doorsteps numbers just 900 000. The state was cut off from neighboring Zimbabwe by the Madimbo corridor, patrolled by South African troops, to the north, and from nearby Mozambique by the Kruger National Park.〔 The first President of Venda, Patrick Mphephu, was also a Paramount Chief of the Venda people; he was born and lived in Dzanani in Limpopo. His successor, Frank Ravele, was overthrown in a military coup in 1990, after which the territory was ruled by the Council of National Unity. Venda was re-absorbed into South Africa on 27 April 1994.〔 In 1982, the University of Venda was established as an institution for higher learning for vha-Venda people.〔(University of Venda website ), retrieved 28 June 2007.〕 Being nominally independent it was possible to set up a casino in the early 1980s, staffed mainly by British workers. This would not have been legally possible in South Africa proper. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Venda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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